12,129 results match your criteria: "J.K.); and Ifakara Health Institute[Affiliation]"

Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2.

Cell Rep

January 2025

Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Electronic address:

Virus neutralization profiles against primary infection sera and corresponding antigenic cartography are integral part of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccine strain selection processes. Human single variant exposure sera have previously defined the antigenic relationships among SARS-CoV-2 variants but are now largely unavailable due to widespread population immunity. Therefore, antigenic characterization of future SARS-CoV-2 variants will require an animal model, analogous to using ferrets for influenza virus.

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Recent progress in deep learning (DL) is producing a new generation of tools across numerous clinical applications. Within the analysis of brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging, DL finds applications in tumor segmentation, quantification, and classification. It facilitates objective and reproducible measurements crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring.

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Racial, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in Preamputation Vascular Care for Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

January 2025

Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. (L.Y., K.S., E.G., S.M.D., G.J.W., A.S.N., L.A.E., H.M.J., T.J.K., P.W.G., J.G., A.C.F.).

Background: Black patients, those with low socioeconomic status (SES), and those living in rural areas have elevated rates of major lower extremity amputation, which may be related to a lack of subspecialty chronic limb-threatening ischemia care. We evaluated the association between race, rurality, SES, and preamputation vascular care.

Methods: Among patients aged 66 to 86 years with fee-for-service Medicare who underwent major lower extremity amputation for chronic limb-threatening ischemia from July 2010 to December 2019, we compared the proportion who received vascular care in the 12 months before amputation by race (Black versus White), rurality, and SES (dual eligibility for Medicaid versus no dual eligibility) using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates.

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Background And Objectives: Neurology residents serve as frontline teachers for junior trainees but often lack formal training in medical education. We developed a novel longitudinal curriculum to enhance the teaching skills and educational leadership of residents interested in pursuing careers as clinician-educators.

Methods And Curriculum Description: We developed and piloted a Neurology Clinician-Educator Program (NCEP) with the following goals: (1) improve resident satisfaction with opportunities to develop teaching skills, (2) improve resident satisfaction with opportunities to transition into a clinician-educator role after training, and (3) enhance resident teaching skills using evidence-based strategies.

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The cerebellum is activated by noxious stimuli and pathological pain but its role in noxious information processing remains unknown. Here, we show that in mice, cutaneous noxious electrical stimuli induced noradrenaline (NA) release from locus coeruleus (LC) terminals in the cerebellar cortex. Bergmann glia (BG) accumulated these LC-NA signals by increasing intracellular calcium in an integrative manner ('flares').

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Smart wearable devices detection and recording of people's everyday activities is critical for health monitoring, helping persons with disabilities, and providing care for the elderly. Most of the research that is being conducted uses a machine learning-based methodology; however, these approaches frequently have issues with high computing resource consumption, burdensome training data gathering, and restricted scalability across many contexts. This research suggests a behaviour detection technology based on multi-source sensing and logical reasoning to address these problems.

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Humans have, throughout history, faced periods of starvation necessitating increased physical effort to gather food. To explore adaptations in muscle function, 13 participants (7 males and 6 females) fasted for seven days. They lost 4.

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Background And Purpose: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a diagnostic challenge because its clinical symptoms and imaging appearance resemble normal aging and other forms of dementia. Identifying NPH is essential so that patients can receive timely treatment to improve gait distortion and quality of life. An automated marker of NPH was developed and evaluated on clinical CT images, and its utility was assessed in a large patient cohort.

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Medical Reference Tools and Pharmaceutical Promotion: A History of Entanglement.

Ann Intern Med

December 2024

Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.K.K.).

Reference tools are often uncritically accepted as balanced, objective, definitive, and evidence-based guides to medical knowledge. Yet for centuries textbooks and manuals have been entangled in various ways with industry interests. This essay shows how reference tools have served as sites of pharmaceutical promotion.

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Understanding Noninferiority Trials: What Stroke Specialists Should Know.

Stroke

January 2025

Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands. (Y.B.W.E.M.R.).

Noninferiority trials aim to prove that the efficacy, defined in terms of a key clinical outcome, of a new treatment is not meaningfully worse than that of an established active control. Noninferiority trials are important when other aspects of care can be improved, such as convenience, toxicity, costs, and safety (nonefficacy benefits). While the motivation for a noninferiority trial is straightforward, the design, execution, and interpretation of these trials is not a trivial task.

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Renal denervation for hypertension.

Nat Rev Cardiol

January 2025

Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Innovative therapies for hypertension are desperately needed given the rising prevalence and falling rates of control of hypertension despite an abundance of available medical therapies. Procedural interventions lower blood pressure without depending on adherence to medications, and endovascular renal denervation (RDN) is the interventional procedure with the best evidence base for the treatment of hypertension. After nearly two decades of study, with major refinements to devices, technique and trial design, two different systems for RDN received approval from the FDA in late 2023 for the treatment of hypertension.

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Elucidation of the Off-Center Displaced Mo in Octahedral Coordination in BaMoO.

Inorg Chem

January 2025

Radiation Science & Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft 2629JB, The Netherlands.

The detailed crystal structure as well as the heat capacity at low temperature and standard entropy of BaMoO are reported for the first time. High-resolution X-ray and neutron diffraction were employed to reveal the structural features of this compound. BaMoO has a six-coordinated Mo and a strongly negative excess volume with respect to the binary oxides.

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Background: Ultrasonography allows real-time imaging of facial soft tissue during hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections. However, there is currently limited guidance relating to ultrasound-guided HA filler placement in the upper face.

Aims: To develop guidance for the effective use of ultrasonography to improve the safety of HA filler injection procedures.

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A highly effective method for creating a supramolecular metallogel of Ni(II) ions (NiA-TA) has been developed in our work. This approach uses benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid as a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) in DMF solvent. Rheological studies assessed the mechanical properties of the Ni(II)-metallogel, revealing its angular frequency response and thixotropic behaviour.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants worldwide. Nirsevimab, an extended half-life monoclonal antibody against RSV, is approved in China for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease in infants; however, global nirsevimab trials did not enroll Chinese infants. To inform the investigation of nirsevimab for the prevention of RSV LRTI in Chinese infants, this Phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of nirsevimab in healthy Chinese adults.

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Background Ovarian cancer is the third most prevalent form of cancer among women in India. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Many women with late-stage ovarian cancer experience a recurrence and need subsequent treatment, even after initial therapy.

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This paper introduces a novel, compact plasma sterilization system, the Active Plasma Sterilizer (APS), for planetary protection space missions. The development of the APS system is done through iterative testing and design modifications aimed at addressing decontamination modalities for time and temperature, cleaning adhesive surfaces, and cleaning protocols beyond alcohol and bleach. Decontamination testing of Deinococcus radiodurans, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (spore forming bacteria), and Aspergillus fumigatus (fungi) was verified for the APS on relevant materials of 4 to 5 log reduction up to complete killing in 45 min or less.

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Relaxation process of photoexcited berberine via aggregation and dissociation state-dependent intramolecular electron transfer.

Photochem Photobiol Sci

December 2024

Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-Shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.

The fluorescence quantum yield of berberine in aqueous solution is significantly smaller than those of organic solution. The time profile of fluorescence intensity of berberine was analyzed by a bi-exponential function, showing that two kinds of states of berberine exist in the solutions. The observed fluorescence lifetime of shorter lifetime species of berberine in water (0.

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Novel thermosensitive small multilamellar lipid nanoparticles with promising release characteristics made by dual centrifugation.

Eur J Pharm Sci

December 2024

Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Andreas Hettich GmbH, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) have great potential for the selective delivery of cytostatic drugs to the tumor site with greatly reduced side effects. Here we report the discovery and characterization of new thermosensitive small multilamellar lipid nanoparticles (tSMLPs) with unusually high temperature selectivity. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent release of the fluorescent marker calcein from tSMLPs is enhanced by human serum albumin.

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Assessment of Emphysema on X-ray Equivalent Dose Photon-Counting Detector CT: Evaluation of Visual Scoring and Automated Quantification Algorithms.

Invest Radiol

October 2024

From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (B.K., F.E., J.K., T.F., L.J.); Advanced Radiology Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Oncological Radiotherapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy (C.S., A.R.L.); and Section of Radiology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (A.R.L.).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of visual scoring, low-attenuation volume (LAV), and deep learning methods for estimating emphysema extent in x-ray dose photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT), aiming to explore future dose reduction potentials.

Methods: One hundred one prospectively enrolled patients underwent noncontrast low- and chest x-ray dose CT scans in the same study using PCD-CT. Overall image quality, sharpness, and noise, as well as visual emphysema pattern (no, trace, mild, moderate, confluent, and advanced destructive emphysema; as defined by the Fleischner Society), were independently assessed by 2 experienced radiologists for low- and x-ray dose images, followed by an expert consensus read.

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Introduction: Medication regimen complexity may be an important risk factor for adverse outcomes in older adults with heart failure. However, increasing complexity is often necessary when prescribing guideline-directed medical therapy at the time of a heart failure hospitalization. We sought to determine whether increased medication regimen complexity following a heart failure hospitalization was associated with worse post-hospitalization outcomes.

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Total sleep time (TST) misperception has been reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, previous findings on predictors were inconsistent and predominantly relied on single-night polysomnography, which may alter patients' sleep perception. We leveraged advances in wearable sleep staging to investigate predictors of TST misperception in OSA over multiple nights in the home environment.

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Background: Rigorous assessment of antibody developability is crucial for optimizing lead candidates before progressing to clinical studies. Recent advances in predictive tools for protein structures, surface properties, stability, and immunogenicity have streamlined the development of new biologics. However, accurate prediction of the impact of single amino acid substitutions on antibody structures remains challenging, due to the diversity of complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), particularly CDR3s.

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Extended Rhythm Monitoring to Assess for Ventricular Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement With the Harmony Valve.

Circ Cardiovasc Interv

December 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. (J.K.Y., L.W., A.C.T., H.C., A.W.R., L.F.P., S.R.C., A.M.D., D.B.M.).

Background: Varying rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) have been reported early after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the Harmony valve, but data regarding rhythm outcomes beyond hospital discharge are limited. This study aims to characterize ventricular arrhythmias after Harmony TPVR from implant through mid-term follow-up.

Methods: Ventricular arrhythmia data from postimplant telemetry and follow-up extended rhythm monitoring (ERM) were analyzed after Harmony TPVR.

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Venous Endothelial Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Implicates METAP1 in Preeclampsia.

Circ Res

December 2024

Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. (C.C., P.X., Z.Y., Y.S., E.S.L., J.D.R., M.C.H.).

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains incompletely understood. This study used human venous endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional profiling to investigate potential novel mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in preeclampsia.

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