Case report: atypical presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after tick-borne encephalitis.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare and an immune- mediated inflammatory illness of the central nervous system that normally demonstrates as a monophasic disorder connected with multifocal neurologic symptoms. Herein, we report atypical presentation of ADEM presenting as single lesions in a middle-aged woman after tick-borne encephalitis.

Clinical Prognosis for SAH Consistent with Redox Imbalance and Lipid Peroxidation.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 3% of all strokes. As more and more data indicates the role of oxidative stress in acute brain damage caused by SAH, an attempt was made to correlate the clinical status of patients with systemic level of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation products. The hemorrhage was diagnosed with brain computed tomography (CT) and aneurysm with angio-CT and angiography, while the vasospasm was monitored with transcranial Doppler.

Plasma aromatase as a sensitive and selective potential biomarker of bladder cancer and its role in tumorigenesis.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most common cancer in the world and its early detection is crucial for successful therapy. Unfortunately, there are no satisfactory tools to detect BCa at early stages and BCa's confirmation muscle-invasive. The search for a suitable biomarker is therefore necessary and aromatase is a potential candidate.

Utility of cystatin C as a potential bladder tumour biomarker confirmed by surface plasmon resonance technique.

Background & Objectives: The determination of cystatin C (cysC) may be helpful in diagnosis and monitoring of cancer because the pathogenesis of cancer is linked with an increased activity of cysteine peptidases (cathepsins) and a decrease of cysC concentration. This study was aimed to examine the utility of cysC as a marker of bladder cancer (BCa) to be used in the diagnosis.

Methods: This study was conducted with 90 patients with BCa and 27 healthy people.

Value of direct radionuclide cystography in diagnosing vesico-peritoneal fistulae.

A 36-year-old female patient underwent a laparoscopic surgery to remove a uterine fibroid. The procedure failed to relieve the pelvic pain, although its nature changed. After a period of observation, the patient was re-admitted to hospital on suspicion of a vesico-uterine fistula to be differentiated with endometriosis.

Bladder cancer detection using a peptide substrate of the 20S proteasome.

The 20S catalytic core of the human 26S proteasome can be secreted from cells, and high levels of extracellular 20S proteasome have been linked to many types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Several diagnostic approaches have been developed that detect 20S proteasome activity in plasma, but these suffer from problems with efficiency and sensitivity. In this report, we describe the optimization and synthesis of an internally quenched fluorescent substrate of the 20S proteasome, and investigate its use as a potential diagnostic test in bladder cancer.

Podoplanin serum and urine concentration in transitional bladder cancer.

Background: Podoplanin (PDP) is a mucin - a type of transmembrane protein expressed in numerous tissues during ontogeny and in adult animals, including the brain, heart, kidney, osteoblasts and lymphoid organs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine podoplanin concentration in the blood serum and urine of patients with bladder cancer. Quantifying podoplanin concentration and its correlation with various clinicopathological parameters may be useful for more accurate predictions and identifying high-risk patients.

Cathepsin D serum and urine concentration in superficial and invasive transitional bladder cancer as determined by surface plasmon resonance imaging.

Determination of cathepsin D (Cat D) concentration in serum and urine may be useful in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The present study included 54 healthy patients and 68 patients with bladder cancer, confirmed by transurethral resection or cystectomy. Cat D concentration was determined using a surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor.