Challenges in management of benign bone tumours complicated by pathological fracture in paediatric population.

Background: Optimum treatment of pathological fractures following benign bone tumours in paediatric population is controversial. The usual difficulties encountered while dealing such cases is to establish a correct pre-operative diagnosis and to choose between conservative vs operative management. The aim of the work is to highlight the difficult aspects of diagnosis and management of pathological fractures following benign bone tumours in paediatric population.

Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross Sectional Study in Our Tertiary Care Hospital.

COVID-19 pandemic is affecting millions of people all across the globe. Along with other clinical features, anosmia and dysgeusia are important symptoms being seen. This study evaluates the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection in a tertiary care centre and the severity and duration of altered taste and smell sensation in COVID positive patients.

Blood pressure thresholds in pregnancy for identifying maternal and infant risk: a secondary analysis of Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trial data.

Background: Blood pressure measurement is a marker of antenatal care quality. In well resourced settings, lower blood pressure cutoffs for hypertension are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to study the associations between blood pressure thresholds and adverse outcomes and the diagnostic test properties of these blood pressure cutoffs in low-resource settings.

A Study of JCIH (Joint Commission on Infant Hearing) Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Babies of NICU and Well Baby Nursery at a Tertiary Care Center.

Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have an additional risk for hearing loss due to various risk factors like, prematurity, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, hyperbillirubinemia, ototoxic drugs, low APGAR score etc. as compared to the babies from well baby nursery (WBN) who, poses risk factors mostly family history, syndromic deafness. So the present study was aimed know the risk factors responsible for hearing loss in NICU and WBN babies and to assess the incidence of deafness.

Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and its associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics in Bengaluru.

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is a major challenge in antenatal practice due to its impact on obstetric and foetal outcomes.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy and its associated risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at public sector hospitals in Bengaluru, Southern India.

Methods: The sample frame included pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at three public sector hospitals.

Infectious crystalline keratitis induced by Citrobacter.

Microbial keratitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity, with emerging organisms and drug resistance posing a real threat to vision of patients. A 30-year-old female presented with infective keratitis in the left eye. She had been using rose nectar as home remedy for her ailment.

Effectiveness of the game-based learning over traditional teaching-learning strategy to instruct pharmacology for Phase II medical students.

Background: Game-based education is fast becoming an innovative teaching approach in the field of medical education. Traditional review sessions (tutorials) are mainly focused on instructor-based learning and they help to review concepts previously taught in the lecture class. The primary objective was to evaluate the cognitive learning of students in game based learning (GBL) as compared to the conventional review sessions.

Renal Volumetry-based Prediction of the Presence of Accessory Renal Artery: Computed Tomographic Angiography-based Study with Clinical Implications on Renal Doppler.

Background: The objective was to validate the hypothesis and evaluate whether the presence or absence of accessory renal artery can be predicted on the basis of volumetric parameters of kidney and diameter of the main renal artery (mRA).

Methods: This retrospective analysis was performed in a total of 60 kidneys in 30 patients, who had computed tomographic (CT) angiography. The kidneys were segregated into control and study groups depending on the absence or presence of accessory renal artery.

Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in urban slums, Bihar.

Objective: Various socio-cultural factors influence infant feeding practices and thus early childhood nutrition and child survival in India. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, its promoters and barriers in urban slums of Bihar, India.

Methods: We conducted a community based cross-sectional survey involving 297 mothers living in slum settlements in Bihar.

Study of Risk factors and treatment modalities of ectopic pregnancy.

Introduction: In the past two decades globally, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been increasing exponentially. One of the major triggering factors being the introduction of medical assisted procreation techniques. The present study emphasis more on clinical presentations, risk factors, associated maternal morbidity and mortality with respect to ectopic pregnancy.

The impact of low-dose aspirin on markers of inflammation and placental function: an ancillary study of the ASPIRIN trial.

Objective: To determine the impact of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) on markers of maternal inflammation and placental function.

Setting: Rural Southern India.

Population: Nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy dated by ultrasound who were enrolled in the ASPIRIN (Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated risk Reduction In Nulliparas) Trial.

Role of Huntington procedure as a limb salvage surgery for complex gap nonunion of tibia in children.

Back Ground: Complex gap nonunion of tibia following open fractures and osteomyelitis with pathological fractures in children is a treatment challenge with unpredictable outcome. Treatment options available are bone transport bone grafting, induced membrane technique, allograft reconstruction and Huntington procedure (ipsilateral transposition of vascularized fibula). There is no consensus in the literature about which technique is optimal in the given situation.

Acute Leucoencephalopathy with Restricted Diffusion in Children - A case series.

Objective: To study the clinico-radiological profile of children with acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of children with acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion was done from July 2015 to July 2018. The clinical details, neuroimaging findings, sequelae, and the final outcome on modified Rankin Score were analyzed.

Mortality Benefit of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

With a scarcity of high-grade evidence for COVID-19 treatment, researchers and health care providers across the world have resorted to classical and historical interventions. Immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CPT) is one such therapeutic option. A systematized search was conducted for articles published between December 2019 and 18th January 2021 focusing on convalescent plasma efficacy and safety in COVID-19.

Hypochlorous acid decreases antioxidant power, inhibits plasma membrane redox system and pathways of glucose metabolism in human red blood cells.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated at a high concentration by activated neutrophils at sites of inflammation in a myeloperoxidase catalyzed reaction. The increased and sustained production of HOCl at inflammatory sites may lead to tissue injury and this process is believed to play an important role in the progression of several diseases like chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis and some types of cancers. We have examined the effect of HOCl on human red blood cells (RBCs) under conditions.

Technical difficulties and mechanical failure of distal femoral locking compression plate (DFLCP) in management of unstable distal femoral fractures.

Objective of the paper is to portray the technical difficulties and mechanical failure of Distal Femoral Locking Compression Plate in the management of unstable distal femoral fractures. The primary outcome measure was defined as revision surgery due to implant failure with subsequent non-union. Secondary outcome measures were mal-union, delayed union, peri-implant fracture and infection.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Promising Potential for Treating SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.

The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the worst global threats in the 21st century since World War II. This pandemic has led to a worldwide economic recession and crisis due to lockdown.

Pregnancy Outcomes and Blood Pressure Visit-to-Visit Variability and Level in Three Less-Developed Countries.

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Identification of potential and novel target genes in pituitary prolactinoma by bioinformatics analysis.

Pituitary prolactinoma is one of the most complicated and fatally pathogenic pituitary adenomas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism that drives the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pituitary prolactinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways associated with pituitary prolactinoma using bioinformatics analysis.

Concept map as a teaching and learning tool for medical students.

Background And Aim: Concept maps hold great potential for the students as it helps in the formulation of new concepts as well to evaluate the learning ability of the students. However, the use of concept maps as a teaching tool in medical students in India has not been explored, to the best of our knowledge. This study was conducted to assess the use of concept maps in improving learning among medical students.