Intraoperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with anesthesia to prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. The utilization of intraoperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) in conjunction with anesthesia is expected to become an effective preventive measure for POCD in clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review focusing on the use of TEAS in the prevention of POCD during surgical anesthesia.

A new guide for basic psychological support for persons affected by neglected tropical diseases: A peer support tool suitable for persons with a diagnosis of leprosy and lymphatic filariasis.

Background: People with disabilities due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF), often encounter situations of stigma and discrimination that significantly impact their mental wellbeing. Mental wellbeing services are often not available at the peripheral level in NTD-endemic countries, and there is a need for such services. Basic psychological support for persons with NTDs (BPS-N) from peers is an important potential solution for addressing mental wellbeing problems.

Basal and stimulated inhibin B in pubertal disorders.

Pubertal disorders in the form of delayed puberty (DP) or precocious puberty (PP) can cause considerable anxiety to both children and parents. Since the clinical and biochemical signatures of self-limiting and permanent conditions overlap considerably, it can be hard to determine whether to offer them reassurance or intervention. Researchers have thus long been searching for a robust test to indicate that the process of endogenous puberty is underway and is likely to proceed to completion.

Impact of American College of surgeons trauma verification on statewide collaborative outcomes.

Background: American College of Surgeons (ACS) trauma center verification has demonstrated improved outcomes at individual centers, but its impact on statewide Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) Collaboratives is unknown. A statewide TQIP Collaborative, founded in 2011, noted underperformance in six of eight patient cohorts identified in the TQIP Collaborative report. We hypothesized that requiring ACS verification for level I and II trauma centers would result in improved outcomes for the state collaborative.

Levetiracetam and valproic acid in glioma: antiseizure and potential antineoplastic effects.

Seizures are a frequent complication in glioma. Incidence of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) in high-grade glioma (HGG) is an estimated > 25% and in low-grade glioma (LGG) is approximately 72%. Two first-line antiseizure medications (ASMs) for BTRE include levetiracetam (LEV) and valproic acid (VPA).

Identification of Drug-Targetable Genes for Eczema and Dermatitis Using Integrated Genomic and Proteomic Approaches.

Eczema and dermatitis are common inflammatory skin conditions with significant morbidity. Identifying drug-targetable genes can facilitate the development of effective treatments. This study analyzed data obtained by meta-analysis of 2 genome-wide association studies on eczema/dermatitis (57,311 cases and 896,779 controls, European ancestry).

Exploring the link between sex hormone-binding globulin levels and prostate cancer risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) plays a critical role in regulating androgen bioavailability and has been hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk, though existing evidence is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between SHBG levels and prostate cancer risk.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to December 1, 2024.

Remodeling and Characterization Analysis of Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia.

To investigate corticospinal tract (CST) injury and remodeling in patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the characterization capabilities of the corresponding parameters. In this prospective study, baseline, scale, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were collected from patient cohorts. Participants were stratified into favorable (0-3 points) and unfavorable (4-6 points) prognosis groups, based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3-6 months.

A randomized prospective study to compare the efficacy of 308-nm light-emitting diode and 308-nm excimer lamp in the treatment of facial vitiligo.

Background: Previous studies have proven that 308-nm light-emitting diode(308-nm LED)and 308-nm excimer lamp(308-nm MEL) are effective in treating vitiligo, but there is a lack of comparison of their efficacy for facial lesions.

Objective: To evaluate and contrast the treatment success rates of 308-nm LED versus 308-nm excimer lamp in managing facial lesions among patients suffering from stable non-segmental vitiligo.

Methods: The enrolled 119 patients with 145 lesions were randomly assigned to receive 308-nm LED or 308-nm MEL for two months.

The role of serum S100B and serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels in vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in pigment dilution of the skin. Vitiligo is commonly associated with thyroid disorders and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a sensitive marker to detect thyroid disorders. S100B is damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule released when there is melanocyte damage.

H-NS represses fliD transcription for lateral flagellar filament cap in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus propels itself through liquids using a polar flagellum and efficiently swarms across surfaces or viscous environments with the aid of lateral flagella. H-NS plays a negative role in the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus by directly repressing the transcription of the lateral flagellin gene lafA.

Mechanism of female CHH caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the LHB gene.

Background: Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a crucial role in the postnatal development and maturation of gonads. Inactivating mutations of the luteinizing hormone beta subunit (LHB)gene are extremely rare and can result in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH).

Methods: We conducted DNA sequencing on an 18-year-old female patient with undetectable LH and clinical symptoms of CHH.

Integrating machine learning and structural dynamics to explore B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy caused by the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), making it a critical therapeutic target. This study integrates computational screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics to identify and validate novel BCL-2 inhibitors from the ChEMBL database. Starting with 836 BCL-2 inhibitors, we performed ADME and Lipinski's Rule of Five (RO5) filtering, clustering, maximum common substructure (MCS) analysis, and machine learning models (Random Forest, SVM, and ANN), yielding a refined set of 124 compounds.

Prognostic and therapeutic implications of measurable residual disease levels during remission induction of childhood ALL.

We evaluated the prognostic and therapeutic significance of measurable residual disease (MRD) during remission induction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. In the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol, 7640 patients were categorized into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups based on clinical and genetic features. Final risk classification was determined by MRD assessed via flow cytometry on Days 19 and 46 of remission induction, with additional intensified chemotherapy for Day 19 MRD ≥1%.

Increase in comorbidities with age among patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) significantly contributes to increased morbidity, reduced life expectancy, and higher healthcare costs due to the burden of comorbidities. This study assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in PsA patients in India and explored the influence of age and disease duration on these comorbidities.

Methods: The prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across seven centers in India, utilizing data from the Indian Rheumatology Association.

Outcomes of Older Adults and Frail Patients Receiving Idecabtagene Vicleucel: A CIBMTR Study.

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) is an anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy approved for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after 2 prior lines of therapy. There is limited data on outcomes of CAR T in older adults and frail patients with RRMM. In this study, we utilized data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry to describe the safety and efficacy of ide-cel in these clinically important subgroups.

Odronextamab monotherapy in R/R DLBCL after progression with CAR T-cell therapy: Primary analysis of the ELM-1 study.

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progressing after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) have dismal outcomes. The prespecified post-CAR T expansion cohort of the ELM-1 study investigated the efficacy and safety of odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with disease progression after CAR T. Sixty patients received IV odronextamab weekly for 4 cycles followed by maintenance until progression.

Targeting Enterobacter cloacae attenuates osteolysis by reducing ammonium in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM)-induced bone disease affects not only patients' quality of life but also their overall survival. Our previous work demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in MM progression and drug resistance. However, the role of altered gut microbiota in MM bone disease remains unclear.

Biomarkers.

Background: Studies suggest that structural changes in the midbrain are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms such as memory, sleep, and emotional disturbances. Brainstem atrophy, particularly in the locus coeruleus, has also been linked with poorer executive function. Studies showing brainstem as one of the first regions affected by AD largely employed novel imaging techniques such as neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, which is limited to research environments.

Malpractice Liability Exposure and the Sports Medicine Team Physician: Caring for Professional Athletes in the National Football League, Major League Baseball, and National Hockey League.

Background: Orthopaedic surgeons play a critical role in ensuring the health and safety of professional athletes. Despite the privilege of treating elite athletes, there exists great financial exposure to individual physicians in the event of a malpractice lawsuit.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and model malpractice liability exposure of the sports medicine surgeon caring for athletes in the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and National Hockey League (NHL) with respect to player position and additional supplemental malpractice insurance needs.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neuropeptides are crucial proteins in the central nervous system, which significantly influence neurophysiological processes. This analysis explores cerebrospinal fluid alterations in Alzheimer's disease, offering insights to better understand the condition and explore novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.

Method: We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus using specific search strategies.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mainly thought of as a disease involving gray matter changes. However, despite known correlations between white matter integrity and cognition, less is known about how disruptions to white matter during the development of AD underpin cognitive impairment. This study tests the associations between disruptions to white matter along the AD clinical continuum (cognitive unimpaired (CU): cognitive impaired (CI) - Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD) and cognition using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and multi-tissue neurite and orientation dispersion and density imaging (mtNODDI) models of the multi-shell connectome diffusion MRI (ms-dMRI) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Connectome Project (ADCP).

Biomarkers.

Background: Physiological changes, including metabolic and cellular aging, as well as increased inflammation, occur in people living with dementia (PWD). While there is existing evidence in other populations suggesting that exercise may improve physiological outcomes, their impact in PWD remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effects of exercise on serum levels of metabolic aging, cellular aging, and inflammatory blood biomarkers relative to usual care alone in PWD.

Cervical Defect Reconstruction Using Preexpanded Neck Flaps Transferred in a Scarf-wrapping Manner.

Objective: Cervical burn scar contractures can be repaired using many modalities, including skin grafts, pedicled and free flaps. Although preexpanded cervical flaps can provide a like-with-like reconstruction, a simple advancement transfer of the flaps often fails to achieve ideal outcomes. The authors aimed to introduce a method using the preexpanded cervical flaps transferred in a scarf-wrapping manner to repair neck defects.