A case of ingrown toenail accompanied by extreme soft tissue hypertrophy to the extent of invisible nail.

Ingrown nails occur when the nail fold grows inwards into the nail bed. This condition affects daily life and causes a loss of labor, and therefore, should be meticulously tackled and immediately treated. Ingrown nail is categorized in three stages based on pain, erythema, infection, drainage, and the presence of granulation tissue.

Use of oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin and pioglitazone) in diabetic patients with breast cancer: how does it effect serum Hif-1 alpha and 8Ohdg levels?

Objective: The aim was to investigate indicators related to DNA damage and cancer pathogenesis in Type II diabetes cases with breast cancer. It was planned to evaluate the relationship between these markers with oral antidiabetic drugs.

Research Design And Methods: Fourty patients and 10 healthy individuals were included in the study.

Synovial sarcoma of the infratemporal fossa with intracranial extension.

Synovial sarcomas (SS) account for 7-8% of soft-tissue cancers and 3-5% of all cases with head and neck involvement. Synovial sarcoma of the infratemporal fossa is very rare In this article, we report the fourth case of SS of infratemporal fossa and the first case with intracranial extension via the foramen ovale. A 31-year-old man admitted with a one-year history of intense pain in his right jaw.

Glomerular c4d staining can be an indicator of disease activity in lupus nephritis.

Background: Abnormalities in complement activation and clearance of immune complexes by erythrocytes are the central pathogenic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum C4d level, which is a degradation product of complement factor C4, was found to be a sensitive indicator of SLE activity. Our aim was to determine whether glomerular C4d staining could be a useful marker of disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis.

Simple non-invasive markers as a predictor of fibrosis and viral response in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Background/aims: Chronic hepatitis C has a high prevalence and leads to development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis staging is one of the main factors that influence the decision to indicate therapy for chronic hepatitis C carriers. Several simple laboratory tests, scores and indices have been proposed for the non-invasive prediction of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Impact of an information video before colonoscopy on patient satisfaction and anxiety.

Background/aims: Anxiety is a common problem in patients undergoing invasive medical procedures. Colonoscopy is a demanding procedure and requires a patient's good cooperation for successful results. We aimed to examine the effects of adding an information video to our usual preprocedural information.

An unusual cause of death: spontaneous urinary bladder perforation.

Spontaneous urinary bladder perforation is a rare and life-threatening condition similar to traumatic and iatrogenic perforation. The connection with the underlying bladder damage due to previous radiotherapy, inflammation, malignancy, obstruction, or other causes can be found in almost all cases. The symptoms are often nonspecific, and misdiagnosis is common.

The efficacy of dinoprostone vaginal insert for active management of premature rupture of membranes at term: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the vaginal insertion of dinoprostone in terms of achieving cervical ripening, shortening the length of labor, and lowering the cesarean delivery rate for term pregnancies complicated with premature rupture of membranes.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial enrolled 100 women with term pregnancies complicated with premature rupture of membranes. Each had a normal non stress test, unscarred uterus, a singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation, and a Bishop score of less than 4.

Parathyromatosis: critical diagnosis regarding surgery and pathologic evaluation.

Parathyromatosis, in which several nodules of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue form in the neck and mediastinum, is a rare cause of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. However, there are some theories regarding the origin of parathyromatosis, and seeding after rupture of the parathyroid gland capsule during surgical removal of a parathyroid lesions is the most regarded one. Herein, we report a 41-year-old man who presented with multiple parathyroid nodules in and around the left thyroid lobe 5 years after parathyroid surgery for secondary hyperparathyroidism that was finally diagnosed as parathyromatosis.

Metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the larynx and thyroid: Two case reports on metastasis developing years after nephrectomy.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a high metastatic potential due to its hematogen and vascular features. It metastasizes frequently to the lungs, the bones, the liver, the lymph nodes and the brain. Metastasis of RCC to the head and neck region is quite rare.

Second-line irinotecan after cisplatin, fluoropyrimidin and docetaxel for chemotherapy of metastatic gastric cancer.

Aim: Tumors of upper gastrointestinal tract are among the cancers that have a quite lethal course. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the most efficient therapeutic modality for metastatic gastric cancer. In patients who do not respond to first-line treatment, the response rate to second-line therapies is generally low and the toxicity rates high.

α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in early postoperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Aim: To investigate whether α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid have effect on the suppression of inflammation in the early postoperative period after open heart surgery.

Methods: A total of 59 patients who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of a tertiary center between June 2008 and December 2008 were retrospectively investigated. The study group consisted of 34 patients (25 men, 9 women) to whom ascorbic acid (500  mg/day) and α-tocopherol (300  mg/day) were administered on the day of operation (0th day) and the first four consecutive postoperative days.

Evaluation of endometrium by transvaginal ultrasonography and Doppler in tamoxifen-treated women with breast cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminative role of transvaginal ultrasonography and Doppler measurements on the detection of endometrial pathologies in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients.

Methods: Tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study between February 2009 and June 2010. The subjects were assessed by gynecologic examination and transvaginal gray-scale and Doppler sonography.

[Assessment of the effects of surgical treatment options for cubital tunnel syndrome on the ulnar nerve by USG and EMG].

Objectives: The morphology and functional results of the ulnar nerve were evaluated in patients treated with simple decompression and anterior subcutaneous transposition due to the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Patients And Methods: Thirteen elbows of 13 patients (8 males, 5 females; mean age 41 years; range 25 to 56 years) treated with simple decompression and anterior subcutaneous transposition due to the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome were investigated. The involvement was on the dominant side in six patients.

Preoperative serum CA 125 level in the prediction of the stage of disease in endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate whether a preoperative serum CA-125 level in patients with endometrial carcinoma can provide additional information in determining the stage of disease, and which cutoff value is optimal in this respect.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review of 147 women with pathologically proven endometrial carcinoma who were treated between January 1999 and May 2009. The associations of preoperative CA-125 levels with the tumor stage, histologic type and grade, and the lymph node positivity were examined.

An unusual cause of knee pain in a young patient; hydatid disease of femur.

Introduction: Osseous hydatid disease is a rare pathology and its differential diagnosis can be difficult.

Presentation Of Case: This article presents clinical and radiological findings of a femoral primary hydatid disease in a 23 year-old patient admitted with knee pain.

Discussion: Osseous hydatid in femur is a rare entity.

The clinicopathological significance of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to establish the prognostic and predictive value of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in conjunction with the host immune response in primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma.83 patients were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-Bcl-2 (Dako; clone 124) and anti-Bax (Springbio; E17994) monoclonal antibodies.

Comparison of existing syncope rules and newly proposed anatolian syncope rule to predict short-term serious outcomes after syncope in the Turkish population.

Background: We wished to compare the San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR), Evaluation of Guidelines in Syncope Study (EGSYS) and the Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) risk scores and to assess their efficacy in recognising patients with syncope at high risk for short-term adverse events (death, the need for major therapeutic procedures, and early readmission to the hospital). We also wanted to test those variables to designate a local risk score, the Anatolian Syncope Rule (ASR).

Methods: This prospective, cohort study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary care centre.

Holocord ependymoma.

Intramedullary tumors affecting the entire cord from the cervicomedullary junction to the conus are termed "holocord tumors". Ependymomas are the most frequent intramedullary tumor in adults. Holocord ependymoma is an exceedingly rare condition.

[Attitudes and side effects related to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination in healthcare personnel].

The aims of this study were to evaluate the attitudes towards H1N1 vaccination and to determine the safety and side effects following 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. Pandemic influenza vaccine had been administered to the healthcare personnel in our research and training hospital in December 2009. The rate being vaccinated was established as 40% (800/2000).

Nucleophosmin expression in renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma.

The objective of this study was to investigate nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) expression in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and renal oncocytomas. The expression of NPM was studied by immunohistochemical methods on 59 RCCs, 9 oncocytomas, and 19 tumour-negative renal tissues. The expression was assessed relative to various clinicopathological variables and histological subtypes, to determine its potential role as a prognostic and diagnostic marker.

The toxicity and efficacy of Nordic-FLOX regimen as adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with the Nordic regimen of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) (Nordic-FLOX) as adjuvant treatment in stage III colon cancer patients.

Methods: Fifty-three patients with resected stage III colon cancer were treated with adjuvant bolus Nordic-FLOX regimen (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2) on day 1, bolus 5-FU 500 mg/ m(2) and bolus LV 60 mg/m(2) days 1 and 2) every 2 weeks for 12 cycles.

Results: The probability of disease-free survival (DFS) at a median follow-up time of 29 months was 72%.

Do clinical and laboratory parameters effect maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome?

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the clinical features and laboratory parameters affect maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with HELLP syndrome.

Material And Methods: The medical records of pregnant patients complicated with HELLP syndrome were analyzed retrospectively between June 01, 2003 and June 01, 2010. The demographic data, medical history, admission symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings and recovery time were evaluated.

Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases from bladder carcinoma.

Cutaneous metastases of bladder carcinoma are very rare. The rate of cutaneous metastasis in urologic malignancies is 1.3% and this rate was found to be 0.