Selection Pressure Profile Suggests Species Criteria among Tick-Borne Orthoflaviviruses.

Orthoflaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and cause a range of significant human diseases. Among the most important tick-borne orthoflaviviruses (TBFVs) is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is endemic in Eurasia, and Powassan virus, which is endemic in Asia and North America. There is a significant controversy regarding species assignment in the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex due to the complex phylogenetic, serological, ecological, and pathogenetic properties of viruses.

Triple Combinations of AAV9-Vectors Encoding Anti-HIV bNAbs Provide Long-Term In Vivo Expression of Human IgG Effectively Neutralizing Pseudoviruses from HIV-1 Global Panel.

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer a promising approach for the treatment of HIV-1. The current paradigm for antibody therapy involves passive antibody transfer, requiring regular delivery of bNAbs in treating chronic diseases such as HIV-1. An alternative strategy is to use AAV-mediated gene transfer to enable in vivo production of desirable anti-HIV-1 antibodies.

Assessing the importance and safety of hypoxia conditioning for patients with occupational pulmonary diseases: A recent clinical perspective.

Occupational pulmonary diseases (OPDs) pose a significant global health challenge, contributing to high mortality rates. This review delves into the pathophysiology of hypoxia and the safety of intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) in OPD patients. By examining sources such as PubMed, Relemed, NLM, Scopus, and Google Scholar, the review evaluates the efficacy of IHC in clinical outcomes for OPD patients.

Novel Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in a Highly Heterogeneous Cohort of Patients: Insights from Multigene Analysis.

Cancer is a major global public health challenge, affecting both quality of life and mortality. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) that predispose individuals to malignant neoplasms. While traditional single-gene testing has focused on high-penetrance genes, the past decade has seen a shift toward multigene panels, which facilitate the analysis of multiple genes associated with specific HCS.

[The possibilities of impulse oscillometry in the diagnosis of the lung function disorders after COVID-19].

Background: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effort independent method of studying lung mechanics.

Aim: To study the diagnostic significance of IOS in assessing lung mechanics after COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion test (DLco), IOS parameters were analyzed in 315 patients (the median age 48 years), the median period from the beginning of COVID-19 to the study was 50 days.

[The main provisions of programs of medical and social rehabilitation of patients with occupational diseases of ent organs].

The article discusses the main, modern provisions of the programs of medical and social rehabilitation of patients with occupational diseases of the ENT organs. The criteria of the degree of loss of professional ability to work in hearing loss and malignant neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract are presented. Rehabilitation programs and forms are developed taking into account the needs of the victim in medical, social and vocational rehabilitation, taking into account the potential capabilities and abilities of the victim to carry out professional, domestic and social activities.

Humanized Mouse Model of HIV Infection.

The development of new drugs for the treatment of HIV infection requires testing of their efficacy in a relevant animal model, such as humanized mice, which, unfortunately, are not yet available in Russia. In the present study, we have developed conditions for the humanization of immunodeficient NSG mice with human hematopoietic stem cells. Humanized animals generated during the study showed a high degree of chimerism and harbored repopulation of the entire range of human lymphocytes required for HIV replication in the blood and organs.

Transient and tunable CRISPRa regulation of APOBEC/AID genes for targeting hepatitis B virus.

APOBEC/AID cytidine deaminases play an important role in innate immunity and antiviral defenses and were shown to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by deaminating and destroying the major form of HBV genome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), without toxicity to the infected cells. However, developing anti-HBV therapeutics based on APOBEC/AID is complicated by the lack of tools for activating and controlling their expression. Here, we developed a CRISPR-activation-based approach (CRISPRa) to induce APOBEC/AID transient overexpression (>4-800,000-fold increase in mRNA levels).

High levels of indoor fine particulate matter during the cold season in Almaty prompt urgent public health action.

Introduction: Almaty is the largest city of Kazakhstan with extreme air pollution, mostly in the cold season, but little is known whether staying indoors could lessen the exposure. The aim was to quantitatively characterize indoor fine PM levels and to verify the contribution of ambient pollution to it in a polluted city like Almaty.

Methods: We collected forty-six 24-hour 15-min average samples of the ambient air and a similar number of paired indoor samples (total 92 samples).

Depleting hepatitis B virus relaxed circular DNA is necessary for resolution of infection by CRISPR-Cas9.

CRISPR-Cas9 systems can directly target the hepatitis B virus (HBV) major genomic form, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), for decay and demonstrate remarkable anti-HBV activity. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of HBV cccDNA, frequently regarded as the "holy grail" of viral persistence, is not sufficient for curing infection. Instead, HBV replication rapidly rebounds because of formation of HBV cccDNA from its precursor, HBV relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA).

Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Porcine Bone Marrow, Implanted under the Kidney Capsule, form an Ectopic Focus Containing Bone, Hematopoietic Stromal Microenvironment, and Muscles.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an object of intense investigation due to their therapeutic potential. MSCs have been well studied in vitro, while their fate after implantation in vivo has been poorly analyzed. We studied the properties of MSCs from the bone marrow (BM-MSC) before and after implantation under the renal capsule using a mini pig model.

Complex of Proline-Specific Peptidases in the Genome and Gut Transcriptomes of Tenebrionidae Insects and Their Role in Gliadin Hydrolysis.

A detailed analysis of the complexes of proline-specific peptidases (PSPs) in the midgut transcriptomes of the larvae of agricultural pests and and in the genome of is presented. Analysis of the genome revealed 13 PSP sequences from the clans of serine and metal-dependent peptidases, of which 11 sequences were also found in the gut transcriptomes of both tenebrionid species' larvae. Studies of the localization of PSPs, evaluation of the expression level of their genes in gut transcriptomes, and prediction of the presence of signal peptides determining secretory pathways made it possible to propose a set of peptidases that can directly participate in the hydrolysis of food proteins in the larvae guts.

Status of the Neuroendocrine System in Animals Chronically Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields of 5G Mobile Network Base Stations.

We studied the biological effect of chronic exposure to multifrequency electromagnetic fields simulating the effects of 5G NR/IMT-2020 mobile communication systems. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 24-h radiation (250 μW/cm) for 4 months. The exploratory activity of the animals and blood concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were evaluated at the end of each month of exposure and 1 month after exposure.

[Antiviral Activity of CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Complexes on a Hepatitis B Virus Model In Vivo].

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This disease is a key issue for global health. Modern methods of therapy do not completely eliminate HBV from infected cells and do not cure chronic infection.

Development and Validation of a Protein Array for Detection of Antibodies against the Tick-Borne Pathogen Borrelia miyamotoi.

Current serological tests for the emerging tick-borne pathogen Borrelia miyamotoi lack diagnostic accuracy. To improve serodiagnosis, we investigated a protein array simultaneously screening for IgM and IgG reactivity against multiple recombinant B. miyamotoi antigens.

Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Mouse Model by Transient Expression of the Human Gene Mediated by Intranasal Administration of AAV-hACE2.

One of the most important steps in the development of drugs and vaccines against a new coronavirus infection is their testing on a relevant animal model. The laboratory mouse, with well-studied immunology, is the preferred mammalian model in experimental medicine. However, mice are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to the lack of human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2), which is the cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and necessary for the entry of the virus into the cell.

[HBx Protein Potentiates Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation].

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause chronic hepatitis B, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Global estimates suggest that over 2 billion people are affected by HBV, with over 250 million people developing chronic infection. Upon treatment of comorbidities, patients with chronic infection may develop an abrupt increase of viral replication-HBV reactivation-leading to liver decompensation and, in some cases, death.

[Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Mouse Model by Transient Expression of the Human ACE2 Gene Mediated by Intranasal Administration of AAV-hACE2].

One of the most important steps in the development of drugs and vaccines against a new coronavirus infection is their testing on a relevant animal model. The laboratory mouse, with well-studied immunology, is the preferred mammalian model in experimental medicine. However, mice are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to the lack of human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2), which is the cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and necessary for the entry of the virus into the cell.

Double and Triple Combinations of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Provide Efficient Neutralization of All HIV-1 Strains from the Global Panel.

The use of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is a promising approach to HIV-1 treatment. In this work, we evaluate the neutralizing activity of the following HIV-1 bNAbs: VCR07-523, N6, PGDM1400, CAP256-VRC26.25, 10-1074, PGT128, 10E8, and DH511.

Transcranial Current Stimulation as a Tool of Neuromodulation of Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease.

Decrease in cognitive function is one of the most common causes of poor life quality and early disability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Existing methods of treatment are aimed at both correction of motor and non-motor symptoms. Methods of adjuvant therapy (or complementary therapy) for maintaining cognitive functions in patients with PD are of interest.

[New criteria for professional selection and professional suitability by hearing to work in conditions of exposure to industrial hazards].

New regulations of professional selection and professional suitability for the state of auditory function for persons entering for the first time and already working under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors are discussed.

Robust AAV Genotyping Based on Genetic Distances in Rep Gene That Are Maintained by Ubiquitous Recombination.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a convenient tool for gene therapy delivery. According to the current classification, they are divided into the species AAV A and AAV B within the genus Dependoparvovirus. Historically AAVs were also subdivided on the intraspecies level into 13 serotypes, which differ in tissue tropism and targeted gene delivery capacity.

Comparison of Recombinant MVA Selection Methods Based on F13L, D4R and K1L Genes.

Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a promising vaccine vector due to its highly attenuated phenotype and good immunogenicity. However, obtaining a new recombinant MVA remains a tedious and laborious procedure involving many rounds of plaque purification. Recombinant MVA generation can be greatly improved and facilitated by different selection techniques.