Changes in upper airway airflow after rapid maxillary expansion considering normal craniofacial development as a factor: a retrospective study using computer fluid dynamics.

Background/objectives: Evidence suggests nasal airflow resistance reduces after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, the medium-term effects of RME on upper airway (UA) airflow characteristics when normal craniofacial development is considered are still unclear. This retrospective cohort study used computer fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the medium-term changes in the UA airflow (pressure and velocity) after RME in two distinct age-based cohorts.

Radiographic and diagnostic approaches for mandibular asymmetries in orthodontic practice: a narrative review.

Mandibular asymmetry refers to dimensional differences between the left and right sides of the mandible in terms of size, form and volume. This condition may result in problems with functionality as well as appearance. Early intervention is often deemed optimal for addressing mandibular asymmetry; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the diagnostic approach and strategy for identifying asymmetries in developing individuals.

The Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Pedodontics: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Literature.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary technology with several applications across different dental fields, including pedodontics. This systematic review has the objective to catalog and explore the various uses of artificial intelligence in pediatric dentistry.

Methods: A thorough exploration of scientific databases was carried out to identify studies addressing the usage of AI in pediatric dentistry until December 2023 in the Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases by two researchers, S.

Automatic cephalometric landmark identification with artificial intelligence: An umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Objectives: The transition from manual to automatic cephalometric landmark identification has not yet reached a consensus for clinical application in orthodontic diagnosis. The present umbrella review aimed to assess artificial intelligence (AI) performance in automatic 2D and 3D cephalometric landmark identification.

Data: A combination of free text words and MeSH keywords pooled by boolean operators: Automa* AND cephalo* AND ("artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning" OR "deep learning" OR "learning").

Comparative analysis of treatment outcomes between Bi-Maxillary Plates and Facemask for treating class III malocclusion in growing subjects. A retrospective study.

Aim: To comparatively analyse the skeletal and dento-alveolar changes after treatment with Class III Bi-Maxillary Plates (BMPs) and FM appliances in growing patients with Class III skeletal malocclusion.

Conclusion: BMPs with class III elastics provided a similar pattern of skeletal and dento-alveolar changes compared to FMs, however supported by slightly greater dentoalveolar effects that contribute to the correction of the class III malocclusion in growing subjects.

Indications for Dental Specialists for Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Mandibular Advancement Devices: A Narrative Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep. It determines cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurocognitive consequences and is associated with several daytime and nighttime symptoms that influence the patient's quality of life. The contribution of the dental specialist in the clinical management of OSA patients entails participating in the screening process as diagnostic sentinels and providing adequate treatment using mandibular advancement devices (MADs).

Medium-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway volumes considering age as a factor: A retrospective study.

Objectives: The medium-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal cavity (NC) and upper airway (UA) dimensions based on chronological age are still unclear. This retrospective study evaluated the medium-term changes occurring in the NC and pharyngeal airways (PA) after RME in two distinct age-based cohorts of patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 48 subjects who underwent RME grouped in two cohorts: a 6-9-year-old group (EEG group: early expansion group - 25 subjects) and an 11-14-year-old group (LEG group: late expansion group - 23 subjects).

Analysis of maxillary asymmetry before and after treatment of functional posterior cross-bite: a retrospective study using 3D imaging system and deviation analysis.

Background: Previous evidence would suggest that subjects affected by functional posterior cross-bite (FPXB) present an asymmetric morphology of the maxilla. However, no evidence is available concerning the morphology (symmetry/asymmetry) of the maxilla after treatment of FPXB. This study aimed to investigate the volumetric and morphological changes of the palate in FPXB subjects treated with maxillary expansion and to compare these data with an untreated control group.

Advanced Applications in Pediatric Dentistry: A Worldwide Perspective of the Last 13 Years.

The enhancement of the clinical management of growing patients has always been a great challenge for orthodontists and pediatric dentists [...

Palatal changes after treatment of functional posterior cross-bite using elastodontic appliances: a 3D imaging study using deviation analysis and surface-to-surface matching technique.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in palate dimension and morphology after treatment of functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) with elastodontic devices (EAs).

Methods: The treatment group (TG) consisted of 25 subjects (mean age 7.3 ± 0.

Assessment of the accuracy of imaging software for 3D rendering of the upper airway, usable in orthodontic and craniofacial clinical settings.

Background: Several semi-automatic software are available for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the airway from DICOM files. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the segmentation of the upper airway testing four free source and one commercially available semi-automatic software. A total of 20 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected to perform semi-automatic segmentation of the upper airway.

Efficacy and safety of dual-pathway inhibition in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of 49 802 patients from 7 randomized trials.

Aims: Low-dose (LD) direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in adjunct to antiplatelet therapy, known as dual-pathway inhibition (DPI), have been tested to prevent ischaemic events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the overall safety and efficacy of LD DOACs vs placebo on a background of antiplatelet therapy.

Methods And Results: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LD DOAC (defined as a dosage below the lowest approved for stroke prevention) vs placebo among patients with CVD receiving single or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in at least 50% of the population and followed for at least 6 months, were included.

Guided versus standard antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Whether guided selection of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective in improving outcomes compared with standard antiplatelet therapy remains controversial. We assessed the safety and efficacy of guided versus standard selection of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, from Aug 20 to Oct 25, 2020, we searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases for randomised controlled trials and observational studies published in any language that compared guided antiplatelet therapy, by means of platelet function testing or genetic testing, versus standard antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI.