A retrospective study of efficacy and side effects of intrathecal administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine solution in 39 dogs undergoing hind limb orthopaedic surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the intraoperative efficacy of intrathecal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine 1% solution (HIA) in dogs undergoing hind limb orthopaedic surgery, using the cardiovascular response to surgical stimulation and to report the perioperative side effects.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.