Communication Intervention to Improve Young Adults' Food Safety Practices: The Benefits of Using Congruent Framing.

Improving food safety practices among young adults is critical to public health, but effective communication strategies are under-researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 12-day message-based intervention to promote safe food handling practices using a randomised controlled trial. A total of 588 participants (aged 18 to 35 years) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions or to a control group.

Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the major challenges of modern medicine, with a growing impact on public health and healthcare systems. In recent years, dietary supplements use has been the subject of increasing interest as a complementary strategy for the prevention and treatment of the disease. : A Review of reviews was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and REAPPRAISED checklist to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supplement use in AD.

Prognostic Impact of Malnutrition Evaluated via Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Findings from an Inverse Probability Weighting Analysis.

The association between malnutrition and poor outcomes in stroke patients has, to date, been evaluated using composite scores derived from laboratory measurements. However, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and its advanced application, Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA), offer a non-invasive, cost-efficient, and rapid alternative. These methods enable precise assessment of body composition, nutritional status, and hydration levels, making them valuable tools in the clinical evaluation of stroke patients.

Changing Food in a Changing World: Assessing Compliance to Insects, Cultivated Meat, and Soil-Less Products Among Italian Undergraduates.

: In recent decades, the need for sustainable alternatives to traditional foods for the global population has become urgent. To this aim, edible insects, cultivated meat, and vegetables produced through soil-less farming have been proposed. This cross-sectional study was aimed at exploring willingness to eat these novel foods and its possible correlates in young Italian adults.

Revising BMI Cut-Off Points for Overweight and Obesity in Male Athletes: An Analysis Based on Multivariable Model-Building.

Background: Body composition in athletes is characterized by pronounced muscle mass and low body fat (BF). Over and excessive adiposity are thus expected in athletes at higher body mass index (BMI) levels than those suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, we aimed to test the validity of WHO BMI cut-off points for overweight and obesity, respectively (i.

Exploring the Association Between Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Eating Disorder Symptoms During Pregnancy: A Moderated Mediation Model with Prenatal Emotional Distress and Social Support.

Background/objectives: Pregnancy is a critical period marked by significant transformations that can trigger or exacerbate eating disorder symptoms. Childhood emotional maltreatment, including abuse and neglect, is a known risk factor for disordered eating, yet its specific impact during pregnancy remains unexplored. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and eating disorder symptoms in pregnant women, also focusing on the potential mediating and moderating variables involved in this association.

Development and Validation of the Italian Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ItPreNKQ): A Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Pregnant Italian Women.

: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy exerts a significant influence on both maternal and foetal health, as well as long-term child development. Despite its importance, adherence to dietary guidelines among pregnant women remains low. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Italian Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ItPreNKQ), based on national dietary guidelines for the pregnant Italian population, assessing its reliability and validity.

Solid-State Fermented Cereals: Increased Phenolics and Their Role in Attenuating Liver Diseases.

Liver diseases, a leading cause of global mortality, necessitate effective dietary strategies. Fermented cereals, traditionally recognized for benefits in glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and antioxidant activity, hold potential for managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, their specific impact on liver health requires further investigation.

Prospective Study of Urinary Stone Formation in Pediatric Patients with Acquired Brain Injury: A Focus on Incidence and Analysis of Risk Factors.

: Little is known about the factors linked with nutrition, infections, and physical activity, which may influence urinary stone formation in patients with acquired brain injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that enteral nutrition mixtures rich in sodium and poor in calcium may promote stone formation in pediatric patients, but a confirmation study is lacking. Moreover, the occurrence of urinary stones and heterotopic ossifications has not been studied regarding incidence.

The "Jekyll Side" of the S100B Protein: Its Trophic Action in the Diet.

The calcium-binding S100B protein is concentrated in glial cells (including enteroglial cells) in the nervous system. Its conformation and amino acid composition are significantly conserved in different species; this characteristic suggests conserved biological role(s) for the protein. The biological activity is concentration-dependent: low physiological concentrations exert a neurotrophic effect, while high concentrations exert a proinflammatory/toxic role.

A Narrative Review on Plant Extracts for Metabolic Syndrome: Efficacy, Safety, and Technological Advances.

Metabolic syndrome, a global health concern, is characterized by visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Current therapeutic options are limited by their varying efficacy and significantly adverse side effects, fueling interest in natural products, particularly plant extracts, as potential preventive interventions for high-risk individuals. This review examines the role of plant extracts in mitigating metabolic syndrome risk factors, addressing safety concerns and exploring associated technological advancements.

Tailored Exercise Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome: Cardiometabolic Improvements Beyond Weight Loss and Diet-A Prospective Observational Study.

: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that increase the likelihood of both acute events and chronic conditions. While exercise has been shown to improve individual risk factors associated with MS; research on its effects on MS as an integrated condition remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month Adapted Personalized Motor Activity (AMPA) program for improving the health outcomes of individuals with MS.

The Detrimental Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome and Gut Barrier.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a widely consumed food category in modern diets. However, their impact on gut health is raising increasing concerns. This review investigates how UPFs impact the gut microbiome and gut barrier, emphasizing gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability.

Resveratrol and Physical Activity: A Successful Combination for the Maintenance of Health and Wellbeing?

Physical exercise is an essential component of human health. In recent years, scientific research has focused on identifying natural compounds and formulating new supplements aimed at enhancing athletic performance, accelerating muscle recovery, and minimizing the damage caused by physical exertion. The use of antioxidants to counteract the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following physical activity (PA) is already a widely adopted practice.

Addressing Nutritional Knowledge Gaps in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on nutritional knowledge among people with IBD, identify gaps in current understanding, and provide guidance for future educational interventions. : Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, where nutrition plays a crucial role in symptom management. Despite its significance, patient knowledge about proper dietary practices remains limited, with widespread misconceptions potentially leading to suboptimal health outcomes.

Vitamin D Supplementation: Practical Advice in Different Clinical Settings.

A global deficiency in vitamin D is now widely prevalent. Extensive scientific research has provided compelling evidence of the detrimental effects of vitamin D deficiency on the skeletal system. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation not only helps prevent bone fractures but may also slow the progression of various conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease.

Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions in Managing Dyslipidemia and Cardiometabolic Risk.

Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, is a major public health concern due to its association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other cardiometabolic disorders. In this context, appropriate nutrition patterns are pivotal as they represent the basic approach for providing a wide range of substantial advantages. The best evidence for dyslipidemia management is offered by the Mediterranean Diet, the Plant-Based Diet, the High-Fiber Diet and the Anti-inflammatory Diet, while the DASH Diet and the Ketogenic Diet have also been shown to target additional pathological features like hypertension and other comorbidities.

"Calcium-Phosphorus-Magnesium " and the Metabolic Issue of Newborns Undergoing Parenteral Nutrition: Is It Time to Change Our Perspectives?

In recent years, progress in the field of care has made prematurity an increasingly frequent phenomenon. The premature newborn, due to incompetence, is often subjected to parenteral nutrition (PN) for prolonged periods, and there may be several complications associated with it, first and foremost metabolic complications. In particular, the aim of this study was to evaluate how specific risk factors and/or auxological parameters influenced plasma variations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels.

The Cholesterol Paradox in Long-Livers from a Sardinia Longevity Hot Spot (Blue Zone).

: Hypercholesterolemia is commonly viewed as a risk factor for coronary heart disease; however, several studies have reported an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in older adults. This "cholesterol paradox" challenges the conventional understanding of lipid metabolism. Despite often being dismissed as a result of reverse causality, the precise causes of this paradox remain poorly understood.

Effectiveness of Herbal Medicines with Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Properties in Improving Oral Health and Treating Gingivitis and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of natural extracts with anti-inflammatory properties for improving oral health, particularly in managing gingivitis and periodontal disease (PD). With PD being a major global health issue, exacerbated by microbial dysbiosis and oxidative stress, the integration of phytochemicals and herbal formulations into periodontal therapy offers a promising avenue for adjunctive treatments.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered under the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: 641944).

Preventing and Managing Pre- and Postoperative Micronutrient Deficiencies: A Vital Component of Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the anatomical and physiological changes associated with these procedures significantly increase the risk of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies, which can lead to severe complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. This narrative review examines the prevalence and clinical implications of micronutrient deficiencies in BS patients, as well as evidence-based strategies for their prevention and management.

Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Markers: A Large Population Analysis.

An elevated body mass index (BMI) has been added to the new American Heart Association atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk model. Our goal in this study was to examine the relationships between BMI and traditional and non-traditional ASCVD risk factors. We measured levels of blood glucose, insulin, lipids, lipoproteins, sterols, fatty acids, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and hormones in 226,000 middle-aged and elderly subjects (55% women) and associated those parameters to BMI in 5 groups (BMI 20-25, 25.

Benefits of Essential Oil-Enriched Chitosan on Beef: From Appearance and Odour Improvement to Protection Against Blowfly Oviposition.

The food industry is increasingly turning to healthy and eco-friendly alternatives for meat preservation, with recent attention focused on chitosan (CH) and essential oils (EOs). Here, we propose two liquid formulations of CH enriched with or EOs to preserve beef patties stored for 4 days at 4 °C from colour changes, secondary lipid oxidation, and alteration in volatile organic compound emissions while also preventing oviposition by on beef loaves hung for the same time at around 13 °C in a netted polytunnel. Overall, the EO-enriched CH solution increased the meat colour lightness compared to the control (+7.

A Novel Formulation Based on Resveratrol and Water Extracts from , , , and Inhibits the Gene Expression of Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Biomarkers on C2C12 Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress.

Medicinal plants and natural compounds have been considered alternative therapeutic options for counteracting postmenopausal disorders thanks to their different concomitant effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the regulation of hormone activity. It is important to highlight that the efficacy of medicinal plants and natural compounds increases when used in combination, thus making the development of herbal formulations rational. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of an innovative formulation consisting of resveratrol and water extracts from , , , and .

The Theory and Practice of Sensory Evaluation of Vinegar: A Case of Italian Traditional Balsamic Vinegar.

Sensory analysis is a very powerful and useful tool that is used for a variety of foods. But for vinegar, the relevant sensory evaluation system is not satisfactory since there are still some issues, such as the tendency for score conservatism, descriptor redundancy, sensory fatigue and other cognitive issues. In this review, the theory of the sensory evaluation of vinegar is first introduced, and then the application of sensory evaluation is summarized for vinegar, especially for Italian Traditional Balsamic Vinegar.