Random walks with stochastic resetting in complex networks: A discrete-time approach.

We consider a discrete-time Markovian random walk with resets on a connected undirected network. The resets, in which the walker is relocated to randomly chosen nodes, are governed by an independent discrete-time renewal process. Some nodes of the network are target nodes, and we focus on the statistics of first hitting of these nodes.

Neuroethology of natural actions in freely moving monkeys.

The current understanding of primate natural action organization derives from laboratory experiments in restrained contexts (RCs) under the assumption that this knowledge generalizes to freely moving contexts (FMCs). In this work, we developed a neurobehavioral platform to enable wireless recording of the same premotor neurons in both RCs and FMCs. Neurons often encoded the same hand and mouth actions differently in RCs and FMCs.

Genetic variability and population structure analysis of Protostrongylus oryctolagi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) in Lepus europaeus from Central and Northern Italy.

Nematodes are abundant and ubiquitous animals which are poorly known at intraspecific level. This work represents the first attempt to fill the gap on basic knowledge of genetic variability and differentiation in Protostrongylus oryctolagi, a nematode parasite of lagomorphs. 68 cox1 sequences were obtained from brown hares collected in five locations in Northern and Central Italy, highlighting the presence of a high amount of genetic variation inside this species.

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism in Graves' Disease Complicated by Thyroid Eye Disease.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most consequential extrathyroidal manifestation or complication of Graves' disease (GD). Treatment of hyperthyroidism in GD complicated by TED is challenging. Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) and thyroidectomy do not change the natural course of TED, while radioactive iodine (RAI) is associated with a small but well-documented risk of TED de novo occurrence or its progression/worsening.

Evaluating the Differential Effects of Dopamine Agonists and Clonazepam on Large Muscle Group Movements in Restless Legs Syndrome.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dopamine agonists (DA) and Clonazepam on Large Muscle Group Movements during sleep (LMM), a distinct motor phenomenon, in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 drug-free adult patients with RLS, divided into three groups: 33 received a DA (pramipexole or ropinirole), 15 received clonazepam, and 18 received a placebo. Each patient underwent two consecutive nocturnal polysomnographic (PSG) recordings: one baseline and one following treatment administration.

Eight quick tips for biologically and medically informed machine learning.

Machine learning has become a powerful tool for computational analysis in the biomedical sciences, with its effectiveness significantly enhanced by integrating domain-specific knowledge. This integration has give rise to informed machine learning, in contrast to studies that lack domain knowledge and treat all variables equally (uninformed machine learning). While the application of informed machine learning to bioinformatics and health informatics datasets has become more seamless, the likelihood of errors has also increased.

Genetic gradual reduction of OGT activity unveils the essential role of O-GlcNAc in the mouse embryo.

The reversible glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) is catalyzed by a single enzyme, namely O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The mammalian Ogt gene is X-linked, and it is essential for embryonic development and for the viability of proliferating cells. We perturbed OGT's function in vivo by creating a murine allelic series of four single amino acid substitutions, reducing OGT's catalytic activity to a range of degrees.

Risk factors and protective measures for desmoid tumours in familial adenomatous polyposis: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Familial adenomatous polyposis is a cancer-predisposing syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, leading to numerous colorectal polyps and a high risk of colorectal cancer. Desmoid tumours have become significant in the management of familial adenomatous polyposis after a colectomy, yet the exact incidence remains undetermined due to a lack of dedicated surveillance.

Methods: This retrospective study accessed data from the prospectively maintained Hereditary Digestive Tumours Registry from 2000 to 2023.

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the interaction between C. elegans and Actinobacteria from its natural microbial environment.

Caenorhabditis elegans proliferates poorly in the presence of abundant Actinobacteria from its natural ecology, but it is unknown why. Here, we show how perturbed levels of hydrogen sulfide modulate the growth rate of both C. elegans and Actinobacteria.

Omadacycline for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the current evidence on the use of omadacycline for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).

Recent Findings: This narrative review examines the available data on the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and comparative effectiveness of omadacycline in treating SSTIs, with a focus on its potential role in everyday clinical practice.

Summary: Omadacycline is a viable option for outpatient therapy and early discharge in patients with SSTIs, particularly in frail populations and those undergoing chronic polypharmacotherapy.

The bidirectional interplay between T cell-based immunotherapies and the tumor microenvironment.

T cell-based therapies, including Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL), T cell receptor engineered T cells (TCR T), and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T), are powerful therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. While these therapies are primarily known for their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, accumulating evidence indicates that they also influence the tumor microenvironment (TME), by altering the cytokine milieu and recruiting additional effector populations to help orchestrate the antitumor immune response. Conversely, the TME itself can modulate the behaviour of these therapies within the host by either supporting or inhibiting their activity.

Beyond Homochirality: Computer Modeling Hints of Heterochiral Proteins in Early and Extraterrestrial Life.

Agent-based simulations are set to describe the early biotic selection of oligomers made of monomers of different chirality. The simulations consider the spatial distribution of agents and resources, the balance of biomass of different chirality, and the balance of chemical energy. Following the well-known Wald's hypothesis, a disadvantage is attributed to the change in chirality along the biochemical sequence.

Air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis.

The recently introduced concept of 'exposome' emphasizes the impact of non-traditional threats onto cardiovascular health. Among these, air pollutants - particularly fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.

A brief introduction to the diffusion Monte Carlo method and the fixed-node approximation.

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods represent a powerful family of computational techniques for tackling complex quantum many-body problems and performing calculations of stationary state properties. QMC is among the most accurate and powerful approaches to the study of electronic structure, but its application is often hindered by a steep learning curve; hence it is rarely addressed in undergraduate and postgraduate classes. This tutorial is a step toward filling this gap.

Conjunctival Bulbar Redness Extraction Pipeline for High-Resolution Ocular Surface Photography.

Purpose: To extract conjunctival bulbar redness from standardized high-resolution ocular surface photographs of a novel imaging system by implementing an image analysis pipeline.

Methods: Data from two trials (healthy; outgoing ophthalmic clinic) were collected, processed, and used to train a machine learning model for ocular surface segmentation. Various regions of interest were defined to globally and locally extract a redness biomarker based on color intensity.

A Real-World Approach to Trifarotene Treatment in Patients with Acne and Acne Sequelae Based on the Experience of the Italian Acne Board.

Acne and acne sequelae can have an important impact on patients' quality of life, affecting interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Acne-induced scars (AIS) and acne-induced macular hyperpigmentation (AIH), in particular, are a major concern for patients with acne, as their management is challenging and often unsatisfactory. Retinoids are considered the mainstay of acne treatment because of their action on multiple pathogenetic factors, and there is increasing evidence that they can also improve AIS and AIH.

Inclisiran, Reasons for a Novel Agent in a Crowded Therapeutic Field.

Purpose Of The Review: A significant number of patients fail to achieve target LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This review aims to explore why inclisiran, a novel class of LLT, should be considered a valuable addition to the current treatment options.

Recent Findings: Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets PCSK9 synthesis specifically in the hepatocytes.

A Symbolic AI Approach to Medical Training.

In traditional medical education, learners are mostly trained to diagnose and treat patients through supervised practice. Artificial Intelligence and simulation techniques can complement such an educational practice. In this paper, we present GLARE-Edu, an innovative system in which AI knowledge-based methodologies and simulation are exploited to train learners "how to act" on patients based on the evidence-based best practices provided by clinical practice guidelines.

Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review.

Purpose: Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below 35 °C. The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze studies on the topic of hypothermia from an immunohistochemical perspective to determine robust markers of fatal hypothermia.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.

Hot Phases Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Emerging Therapies.

Purpose Of Review: Hot phases are a challenging clinical presentation in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), marked by acute chest pain and elevated cardiac troponins in the absence of obstructive coronary disease. These episodes manifest as myocarditis and primarily affect young patients, contributing to a heightened risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and potential disease progression. This review aims to synthesize recent research on the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic management of hot phases in ACM.