Omadacycline for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the current evidence on the use of omadacycline for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).

Recent Findings: This narrative review examines the available data on the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and comparative effectiveness of omadacycline in treating SSTIs, with a focus on its potential role in everyday clinical practice.

Summary: Omadacycline is a viable option for outpatient therapy and early discharge in patients with SSTIs, particularly in frail populations and those undergoing chronic polypharmacotherapy.

The bidirectional interplay between T cell-based immunotherapies and the tumor microenvironment.

T cell-based therapies, including Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL), T cell receptor engineered T cells (TCR T), and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T), are powerful therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. While these therapies are primarily known for their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, accumulating evidence indicates that they also influence the tumor microenvironment (TME), by altering the cytokine milieu and recruiting additional effector populations to help orchestrate the antitumor immune response. Conversely, the TME itself can modulate the behaviour of these therapies within the host by either supporting or inhibiting their activity.

Beyond Homochirality: Computer Modeling Hints of Heterochiral Proteins in Early and Extraterrestrial Life.

Agent-based simulations are set to describe the early biotic selection of oligomers made of monomers of different chirality. The simulations consider the spatial distribution of agents and resources, the balance of biomass of different chirality, and the balance of chemical energy. Following the well-known Wald's hypothesis, a disadvantage is attributed to the change in chirality along the biochemical sequence.

Air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis.

The recently introduced concept of 'exposome' emphasizes the impact of non-traditional threats onto cardiovascular health. Among these, air pollutants - particularly fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.

A brief introduction to the diffusion Monte Carlo method and the fixed-node approximation.

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods represent a powerful family of computational techniques for tackling complex quantum many-body problems and performing calculations of stationary state properties. QMC is among the most accurate and powerful approaches to the study of electronic structure, but its application is often hindered by a steep learning curve; hence it is rarely addressed in undergraduate and postgraduate classes. This tutorial is a step toward filling this gap.

Conjunctival Bulbar Redness Extraction Pipeline for High-Resolution Ocular Surface Photography.

Purpose: To extract conjunctival bulbar redness from standardized high-resolution ocular surface photographs of a novel imaging system by implementing an image analysis pipeline.

Methods: Data from two trials (healthy; outgoing ophthalmic clinic) were collected, processed, and used to train a machine learning model for ocular surface segmentation. Various regions of interest were defined to globally and locally extract a redness biomarker based on color intensity.

A Real-World Approach to Trifarotene Treatment in Patients with Acne and Acne Sequelae Based on the Experience of the Italian Acne Board.

Acne and acne sequelae can have an important impact on patients' quality of life, affecting interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Acne-induced scars (AIS) and acne-induced macular hyperpigmentation (AIH), in particular, are a major concern for patients with acne, as their management is challenging and often unsatisfactory. Retinoids are considered the mainstay of acne treatment because of their action on multiple pathogenetic factors, and there is increasing evidence that they can also improve AIS and AIH.

Inclisiran, Reasons for a Novel Agent in a Crowded Therapeutic Field.

Purpose Of The Review: A significant number of patients fail to achieve target LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This review aims to explore why inclisiran, a novel class of LLT, should be considered a valuable addition to the current treatment options.

Recent Findings: Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets PCSK9 synthesis specifically in the hepatocytes.

A Symbolic AI Approach to Medical Training.

In traditional medical education, learners are mostly trained to diagnose and treat patients through supervised practice. Artificial Intelligence and simulation techniques can complement such an educational practice. In this paper, we present GLARE-Edu, an innovative system in which AI knowledge-based methodologies and simulation are exploited to train learners "how to act" on patients based on the evidence-based best practices provided by clinical practice guidelines.

Immunohistochemical insights into hypothermia-related deaths: a systematic review.

Purpose: Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below 35 °C. The purpose of this review was to identify and analyze studies on the topic of hypothermia from an immunohistochemical perspective to determine robust markers of fatal hypothermia.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.

Hot Phases Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Emerging Therapies.

Purpose Of Review: Hot phases are a challenging clinical presentation in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), marked by acute chest pain and elevated cardiac troponins in the absence of obstructive coronary disease. These episodes manifest as myocarditis and primarily affect young patients, contributing to a heightened risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and potential disease progression. This review aims to synthesize recent research on the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic management of hot phases in ACM.

The Challenging Problems of Cancer and Serious Mental Illness.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) are reported to be at higher risk for somatic disorders (e.g. cardiovascular and metabolic diseases) and higher mortality, compared to the general population, because of the consequences of SMI including psychotropic medication side effects, sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle, difficult access to physical health care.

Real-world effectiveness of Semaglutide treatment on weight loss maintenance after weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight and diabetes.

Purpose: To report data on the real-world effectiveness and safety of injectable (IS) and oral (OS) therapies in obese or overweight diabetes (T2DM) patients on glycometabolic control, weight loss (WL) and weight maintenance after the use of semaglutide.

Methods: 175 subjects with obesity or overweight and T2DM were retrospectively assessed. Of these, 129 (75F, 54 M; mean age 61.

Costal fracture assessment for relief and enhancement of quality of life-CARE study.

Purpose: Rib fractures account for 10-15% of trauma-related hospital admissions. Few data are available regarding long-term follow-up of patients undergoing non-operative management. Our aim is to evaluate quality of life at 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks from the trauma.

CAGI6 ID panel challenge: assessment of phenotype and variant predictions in 415 children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).

The Genetics of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Lab in Padua provided a new intellectual disability (ID) Panel challenge for computational methods to predict patient phenotypes and their causal variants in the context of the Critical Assessment of the Genome Interpretation, 6th edition (CAGI6). Eight research teams submitted a total of 30 models to predict phenotypes based on the sequences of 74 genes (VCF format) in 415 pediatric patients affected by Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). NDDs are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions, with onset in infant age.

The influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular, and renal biomarkers in trained individuals with obesity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular and renal inflammatory markers in a group of trained obese men.

Methods: Seventeen men (aged 40 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] 31.3 ± 2.

Correlation between skin cancer and therapy with anti-IL monoclonal antibodies in patients affected by moderate-to-severe psoriasis: an observational monocentric study.

Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between skin cancer and anti-interleukin (IL) therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This was an observational monocentric study in which we enrolled a total of 235 patients in which 127 patients were affected by moderate-to-severe psoriasis and treated with anti-IL monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for at least 6 months, whereas 108 patients affected by mild psoriasis were treated with topical therapies. Afterward, we performed a dermatologic visit to all the subjects, collecting anamnestic information including risk factors for skin cancer.

Raising the bar: evaluating quality and consistency in clinical guidelines for surgical management of pulmonary carcinoid.

Leading societies have established guidelines that vary significantly regarding recommendations for the surgical management of pulmonary carcinoids (PC). We aimed to assess current guidelines and recommendations for PC surgical management, benchmark their methodological quality, and identify factors that may influence their effectiveness in guiding surgical practice. Literature was sought to identify relevant guidelines for the management of PC.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: The Road Towards Biologically-Informed Selection and Sequencing.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we discuss evidence supporting the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in breast cancer treatment, describe novel ADCs and combination regimens under development, and examine our current understanding of resistance mechanisms and biomarkers to guide ADC selection and sequencing.

Recent Findings: Three ADCs have proven benefit in patients with metastatic breast cancer: trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), and sacituzumab govitecan (SG). There are over two hundred investigational ADCs on the horizon, as pre-clinical studies work to identify novel ADC targets and structures.

Right Ventricle Function: The Role of the Forgotten Chamber in Mitral Valve Surgery.

Background: Referred to as the "forgotten chamber," the right ventricle (RV) is now widely acknowledged as a significant factor, particularly in certain cardiovascular pathologies. Despite historically being undervalued in comparison to the left ventricle, the RV function is deemed crucial in determining patient outcomes following mitral valve (MV) surgery. In the context of MV surgery, it is important to note that the RV is highly susceptible to dysfunction before, during, and after the surgical procedure.

Examining the learning curves in robotic cardiac surgery wet lab simulation training.

Background: Simulation-based training has gained distinction in cardiothoracic surgery, as robotic-assisted cardiac procedures evolve. Despite the increasing use of wet lab simulators, the effectiveness of these training methods and skill acquisition rates remain poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to compare learning curves and assess the robotic cardiac surgical skill acquisition rate for cardiac and noncardiac surgeons who had no robotic experience in a wet lab simulation setting.

Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy: Role of Inflammation and Potential Role of Disease-Modifying Therapies.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the available data on the use of immunosuppression therapies for the management of hot phases of disease and recurrent myocarditis in patients with desmoplakin cardiomyopathy (DSP-CMP).

Recent Findings: Occurrence of myocarditis episodes has been associated with worsening of outcomes in DSP-CMP. Multiple case reports and small case series have described potential benefit in using anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications for the treatment of those episodes.

Central Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease State-of-the-Art.

Central sleep apnea (CSA), a rare polysomnographic finding in the general population, is prevalent in certain cardiovascular conditions including systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, stroke and use of certain cardiac-related medications. Polysomnographic findings of CSA with adverse cardiovascular impacts include nocturnal hypoxemia and arousals, which can lead to increased sympathetic activity both at night and in the daytime. Among cardiovascular diseases, CSA is most prevalent in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction; a large study of more than 900 treated patients has shown a dose dependent relationship between nocturnal desaturation and mortality.