Biomarkers.

Background: This study investigated microstructural features of the locus coeruleus to entorhinal cortex pathway (LC-EC) in relation to amyloid (A), tau (T), neurodegeneration (N) markers and cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients.

Method: 124 participants were recruited from the Geneva Memory Clinic (n=30 cognitively unimpaired - CU; n=80 MCI and n=14 dementia - CI) and underwent clinical assessment, 3T MRI scan including diffusion weighted imaging, amyloid PET, and tau PET. Diffusivity indices (fractional anisotropy - FA, mean, axial and radial diffusivities - MD, AxD, RD) were assessed in the LC-EC pathway using a probabilistic atlas.

Biomarkers.

Background: The amplitude of resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms is a promising neurophysiological biomarker to investigate the abnormalities of oscillatory neurophysiological thalamocortical mechanisms related to the general cortical arousal and vigilance in wakefulness in patients with dementia due to neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease (ADD), Parkinson's disease (PDD) and Lewy Body disease (DLB). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the reactivity of posterior rsEEG alpha (about 8-12 Hz) rhythms during the transition from eyes-closed to -open condition may be lower in PDD patients than in DLB patients.

Methods: A Eurasian database provided clinical-demographic-rsEEG datasets in 35 ADD patients, 65 PDD patients, 30 DLB patients, and 25 matched cognitively unimpaired (Healthy) persons.

Biomarkers.

Background: Psychotic symptoms may manifest in Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in advanced disease stages and in patients with higher polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SCZ-PRS). Such genetic risk seems also to influence grey matter volume (GMV) alterations in patients with psychosis. Since multiple neurotransmitter systems, namely dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), have been implicated in psychosis, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a SCZ-PRS may explain variance in the association between GMV and the cerebral distribution of DA and 5-HT.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau protein tangles have been recently shown to accumulate in multiple brainstem nuclei in pre-cortical Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. The impact of neurotransmission alterations on brain atrophy and their genetic correlates in AD remain unexplored. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to investigate associations between grey matter (GM) loss across the AD continuum and the distribution of multiple neurotransmitter receptors/transporters; 2) to investigate the impact of polygenic risk scores for AD (PRSs) on such associations.

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent technological advancements have revolutionized our approach to healthcare, enabling us to harness the potential of smartphones and wearables to collect data that can be used to characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD) heterogeneity and to develop digital biomarkers. Our focus is to create comprehensive cross-domain digital datasets and establish an infrastructure that allows for seamless data sharing. Central to accelerating the potential of digital biomarkers for more accurate and early detection is privacy-protecting data access, which when combined with deep molecular phenotyping, will enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying clinical expression.

Biomarkers.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a an α-synucleinopathy characterized by dementia and a combination of parkinsonism, visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognition or REM sleep behaviour disorder. Specific biomarkers for DLB are lacking. DLB-related pattern (DLBRP) is a metabolic network imaging biomarker which expression can be quantified on a single patient basis.

Upper Lip Single-Point Technique for Lip Reshaping: A Safe, Minimalistic Approach in Over 500 Cases-A Retrospective Study.

Lip augmentation has become one of the most popular esthetic procedures globally, driven by societal standards that equate full lips with youth and sensuality. While young individuals often seek volume enhancement for lip beautification, older adults pursue lip rejuvenation to counter aging effects, such as volume loss, fine lines, and reduced definition. A range of techniques has been developed to meet these esthetic goals, but achieving natural and safe results remains a challenge.

Large, recursive membrane platforms are associated to Trop-1, Trop-2 and protein kinase signaling for cell growth.

The transmembrane glycoproteins Trop-1/EpCAM and Trop-2 independently trigger Ca and kinase signals for cell growth and tumor progression. Our findings indicated that Trop-1 and Trop-2 tightly colocalize at macroscopic, ruffle-like protrusions (RLP), that elevate from the cell perimeter, and locally recur over hundreds of seconds. These previously unrecognized elevated membrane regions ≥20 µm-long, up to 1.

Biomarkers.

Background: Different patterns of atrophy exist in the dementia stage of AD. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of atrophy patterns and the mechanisms that drive subsequent propagation of the disease in the preclinical stages.

Method: From the AMYPAD-PNHS cohort, we included a total of 1323 non-demented individuals, including 1094 amyloid-negative, and 229 amyloid-positive participants (Table 1).

Electrophysiological Signatures of Alpha Coma.

Purpose: Recent research on quantitative EEG in coma has proposed several metrics correlating with consciousness level. However, the heterogeneous nature of coma can challenge the generalizability of these measures. This study investigates alpha-coma, an electroclinical pattern characterized by a widespread, nonreactive alpha rhythm often linked to poor outcomes.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alpha-synuclein pathology underlies Lewy body diseases and can also occur comorbid to other neurodegenerative pathologies. The lack of an in vivo measure for alpha-synuclein pathology until recently has limited thorough characterization of its brain atrophy pattern, especially during early disease stages. We therefore aimed to assess the association of alpha-synuclein pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with magnetic resonance image (MRI) structural measures in three independent cohorts, and separately in clinically unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals, the latter reflecting a memory clinic population.

Biomarkers.

Background: Patterns of regional atrophy and hypometabolism have been observed in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, determinants of regional vulnerability to structural and functional neurodegeneration remain largely unexplored. First, we investigated the association between regional gene expression and grey matter volumes in probable DLB patients.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, predominantly manifesting as amnestic impairment. However, atypical presentations such as logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and frontal AD pose diagnostic challenges. This study presents preliminary data from a retrospective analysis investigating brain functional differences between typical and atypical AD forms.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementing disorder, explaining about 60-70% of 50 million patients worldwide (www.who.int).

Biomarkers.

Background: The measurement of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilaments light chain (NfLs) has been proven promising in differentiating the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) from non-neurodegenerative mimics, including primary psychiatric disorders and non-progressive cognitive/behavioral changes. However, studies on this topic are based on clinical diagnosis, which remains challenging and potentially confounded by the overlapping clinical phenotypes. We investigated the role of NfLs in this field by classifying patients based on the presence/absence of pathological longitudinal brain volume changes.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly (50-75%) and the causes of the sporadic form are not yet clear. The genetic predisposition is relevant (60-80%), but alone is not sufficient to trigger those initial processes that lead to neurodegeneration and to the slowly atrophy of the brain. Several public datasets containing multimodal data centered on AD have emerged since the beginning of 2004 when ADNI come out.

Biomarkers.

Background: Right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia (rtvFTD), a new recognized entity among the FTD-spectrum, is characterized by right anterior temporal lobe (rATL) atrophy and a peculiar clinical presentation, involving face and emotions recognition, memory, and naming deficits and behavioral disturbances. Clinical diagnosis is challenging, since rtvFTD shares features with both the behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and the semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and there is no consensus yet on its designation and characterization. Although rATL neurodegeneration is a hallmark of this syndrome, only a few studies investigated patterns of gray matter (GM) atrophy.

Biomarkers.

Background: Investigating age-related changes in MEG brain networks offers significant potential for comprehending aging trajectories and unveiling anomalous patterns associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we extended a deep learning model called Fully Hyperbolic Neural Network (FHNN) to embed MEG brain connectivity graphs into a Lorentz Hyperboloid model for hyperbolic space. Through these embeddings, we then explored the impact of aging on brain functional connectivity across multiple decades.

Biomarkers.

Background: The impact of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on cognitive performance is uncertain due to inconsistent findings. The thalamus is of particular interest given its susceptibility to vascular damage. To test how different vascular risks (Deep/Periventricular WMH and Vascular Scores (VS)) affect thalamic subregional volumes and whether that has any mediating effect on different cognitive domains in healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, with p-tau217 having the greatest utility. Increased and simplified access to blood biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis, proper patient management and prompt initiation of disease-modifying treatments. The DROP-AD project investigates the capability of finger-prick collection to accurately measure p-tau217, neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

Biomarkers.

Background: Vigilance and sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's and related diseases, even at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), have been extensively documented, showing abnormal daytime naps and alterations in the sleep-wake cycle. However, the EEG correlates of the transition from wakefulness to light sleep have not yet been compared between MCI patients due to Alzheimer's vs. other neurodegenerative diseases.