Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota.

Intramammary dry-off treatment is widely considered an effective method for preventing and curing intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating cows; however, it is not commonly used in small ruminants like goats. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of an approved cefazolin-based intramammary treatment on the milk microbiota of Alpine dairy goats during the dry and early lactation periods. Sixty goats were randomly selected based on bacteriological results and randomly allocated into the control group (CG) or the treatment group (TG).

NeoScore: a new tool to assess technical and non-technical skills during neonatal resuscitation.

Background: Training with high-technology manikins improves cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill retention, but a checklist to assess both technical and non-technical skills is lacking. This study aimed to develop a standardized checklist to evaluate healthcare's performance during simulated Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) scenarios.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two international neonatal resuscitation experts participated in a two-step modified Delphi process, rating each checklist item on a scale of 1-5 and providing feedback.

DeepLabCut custom-trained model and the refinement function for gait analysis.

The current gold standard for the study of human movement is the marker-based motion capture system that offers high precision but constrained by costs and controlled environments. Markerless pose estimation systems emerge as ecological alternatives, allowing unobtrusive data acquisition in natural settings. This study compares the performance of two popular markerless systems, OpenPose (OP) and DeepLabCut (DLC), in assessing locomotion.

Unveiling cellular changes in leukaemia cell lines after cannabidiol treatment through lipidomics.

The present study was aimed at revealing the metabolic changes that occurred in the cellular lipid pattern of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia cells following treatment with cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non-psychoactive compound present in Cannabis sativa L., which has shown an antiproliferative action in these type of cancer cells.

A multi-frequency altimetry snow depth product over Arctic sea ice.

Sea ice thickness is an essential variable to understand and forecast the dynamic ice cover and can be estimated by satellite altimetry. Nevertheless, it is affected by uncertainties especially from snow depth, a key parameter to derive it from ice freeboard. We developed a snow depth product based on the differences between CryoSat-2 SAR Ku and IceSat-2 laser altimeters which have different snow penetration capabilities.

Discordance, accuracy and reproducibility study of pathologists' diagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic tumors.

Accurate melanoma diagnosis is crucial for patient outcomes and reliability of AI diagnostic tools. We assess interrater variability among eight expert pathologists reviewing histopathological images and clinical metadata of 792 melanoma-suspicious lesions prospectively collected at eight German hospitals. Moreover, we provide access to the largest panel-validated dataset featuring dermoscopic and histopathological images with metadata.

Rotation symmetry mismatch and interlayer hybridization in MoS-black phosphorus van der Waals heterostructures.

Interlayer coupling in 2D heterostructures can result in a reduction of the rotation symmetry and the generation of quantum phenomena. Although these effects have been demonstrated in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with mismatched interfaces, the role of band hybridization remains unclear. In addition, the creation of flat bands at the valence band maximum (VBM) of TMDs is still an open challenge.

No significant relationship found between spontaneous motor tempo, heartbeat, and individual alpha frequency: an analysis of internal tempos.

Many theories of time perception propose the existence of an internal pacemaker, and studies across behavioral, physiological, and neuroscience fields have explored this concept. Specifically, Spontaneous Motor Tempo (SMT), the most comfortable and natural tapping tempo for each individual, is thought to reflect this internal pacemaker's tempo. Changes in heart rate are also linked to time estimation, while Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF), the peak in the alpha range (8-13 Hz) observed in EEG, is reported to reflect the brain's temporal processing.

Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.

Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the effect of IFN-α on the antigen repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I) in pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Here we characterize the HLA-I antigen presentation in resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells and find that IFN-α increases HLA-I expression and expands peptide repertoire to those derived from alternative mRNA splicing, protein cis-splicing and post-translational modifications. While the resting β-cell immunopeptidome is dominated by HLA-A-restricted peptides, IFN-α largely favors HLA-B and only marginally upregulates HLA-A, translating into increased HLA-B-restricted peptide presentation and activation of HLA-B-restricted CD8 T cells.

High-Efficiency (21.4%) Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells via Cathode Interface Engineering by using CuPc Hole-Transporting Layers.

Carbon perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) represent a promising photovoltaic technology that addresses the long-term operating stability needed to compete with commercial Si solar cells. However, the poor interface contacts between the carbon electrode and the perovskite result in a gap between C-PSC's performances and state-of-the-art PSCs based on metallic back electrodes. In this work, Cu (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) was rediscovered as an effective hole-transporting material (HTM) to be coupled with carbon electrodes.

Multivariate Approaches Boosting Lithium-Mediated Ammonia Electrosynthesis in Different Electrolytes.

Ammonia electrosynthesis through the lithium-mediated approach has recently reached promising results towards high activity and selectivity in aprotic media, reaching high Faradaic efficiency (FE) values and NH3 production rates. To fasten the comprehension and optimization of the complex lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction system, for the first time a multivariate approach is proposed as a powerful tool to reduce the number of experiments in comparison with the classical one-factor-at-a-time approach. Doehlert design and surface response methodology are employed to optimize the electrolyte composition for a batch autoclaved cell.

Approximate Hamiltonians from a Linear Vibronic Coupling Model for Solution-Phase Spin Dynamics.

The linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model is an approach for approximating how a molecular Hamiltonian changes in response to small changes in molecular geometry. The LVC framework thus has the ability to approximate molecular Hamiltonians at low computational expense but with quality approaching multiconfigurational calculations, when the change in geometry compared to the reference calculation used to parametrize it is small. Here, we show how the LVC approach can be used to project approximate spin Hamiltonians of a solvated lanthanide complex along a room-temperature molecular dynamics trajectory.

Early-Onset Seizures After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: After encephalopathy, epileptic seizures (ES) are the second most common neurologic complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and may announce a disabling/fatal neurologic disease.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected clinical information from patients who underwent OLT at our institution and analyzed outcomes and potential risk factors for developing ES after OLT.

Results: Fourteen of our 376 patients (3.

In vitro ILC differentiation from human HSCs.

The Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells composed by the Natural Killer (NK) cells and the helper ILCs (hILCs) (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3), both developing from a common ILC precursor (ILCP) derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A correct ILC reconstitution is crucial, particularly in patients receiving HSC transplantation (HSCT), the only therapeutic option for many adult and pediatric high-risk hematological malignancies. Indeed, mainly thanks to their cytotoxic activity, NK cells have a strong Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect.

Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.

Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the design of novel therapeutic strategies and related clinical studies.

Characterizing Oxidative Stress induced by Aβ Oligomers and the Protective Role of Carnosine in Primary Mixed Glia Cultures.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. A critical aspect of AD pathology is represented by oxidative stress, which significantly contributes to neuronal damage and death. Microglia and astrocytes, the primary glial cells in the brain, are crucial for managing oxidative stress and supporting neuronal function.

Role of the International Society of Liquid Biopsy (ISLB) in establishing quality control frameworks for clinical integration.

Liquid biopsy (LB) has revolutionized molecular pathology, offering non-invasive insights into tumor biology. However, widespread adoption is hindered by a lack of standardized protocols, requiring robust quality control and harmonized workflows. Large-scale studies are needed to establish effective standard operating procedures (SOPs), particularly for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays tailored to different disease stages.

Preclinical models of soft tissue sarcomas - generation and applications to enhance translational research.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a large group of rare and ultra-rare tumors distinguished by unique morphological, molecular and clinical features. Patients with such rare cancers are generally underrepresented in clinical trials which has limited the introduction of new treatment options and subsequent improvement of patient outcomes. Preclinical models of STS that recapitulate the human disease can aid progress in identifying new effective treatments.

Perifoveal vascular anomalous complex and telangiectatic capillaries: An overview of two entities potentially sharing a common pathophysiology.

Focal capillary ectasia in the macular region can manifest in distinct clinical scenarios, which can be categorized into two main entities: perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps). PVAC represents a primary, idiopathic condition, whereas TelCaps occur secondary to underlying vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion. We provide a comprehensive analysis of these two entities, encompassing their clinical presentations, multimodal imaging findings, histological evidence, and differential diagnosis from other retinal microvascular abnormalities, such as Type 1 macular telangiectasia, adult-onset Coats disease, Type 3 macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration, and retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Outcomes of acute pericarditis with an inflammatory phenotype.

Background: Patients with pericarditis may show elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pericardial effusion at presentation. There are limited data on the prognostic implications of this inflammatory phenotype.

Objectives: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the outcome of the inflammatory phenotype in a cohort of patients with acute pericarditis.