Changes in Coagulation Factor XI Activity Levels in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary PCI.

Background - Although Factor XI (FXI) inhibitors are currently tested for the prevention of thrombotic events, their early treatment could prevent thrombus consolidation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aims to characterize coagulation FXI levels and their variations in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods - Patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled between December 2023 and May 2024.

Intraoperative methylene blue staining is effective as a single mapping technique in the identification of sentinel lymph nodes in dogs with low-grade mast cell tumours.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the association between methylene blue staining pattern and the presence of histologic nodal metastasis in dogs with low-grade mast cell tumour in low-resource settings for the efficient diagnosis of lymphatic spread.

Methods: Dogs with a single, cytologically low-grade mast cell tumour and no documented distant metastases were prospectively included and underwent surgery. Along with primary mast cell tumour removal, intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping with peritumoral mast cell tumour injection and regional lymph node excision, regardless of whether blue dye was visible in the lymph node, were performed.

State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Vaccine Design for Respiratory Pathogens.

In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), , (), , and . Advancements driven by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but effective prophylactic solutions for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially in light of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, we discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address this critical need, such as (a) the development of Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis process and the host-microbe interactions; (b) a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms behind mucosal immunity as the first line of defense against pathogens; (c) the identification of correlates of protection (CoPs) which, in conjunction with the Reverse Vaccinology 2.

Prioritizing performance and outcome indicators for quality assessment of cancer screening programs in the EU.

Objectives: A key element in ensuring appropriate balance of harms and benefits in cancer screening is to develop a priority set of performance and outcome indicators to be used in screening data evaluation systems. These indicators need to be equity-focused, aligned to new screening approaches and broad-based to cover possible opportunistic screening, but at the same time as limited as possible.

Study Design: Indicators for breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening programs were chosen through a consensus building Delphi methodology involving a panel of cancer screening experts.

A deep architecture based on attention mechanisms for effective end-to-end detection of early and mature malaria parasites in a realistic scenario.

Background: Malaria is a critical and potentially fatal disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths globally. Early and accurate detection of malaria parasites is crucial for effective treatment, yet conventional microscopy faces limitations in variability and efficiency.

Methods: We propose a novel computer-aided detection framework based on deep learning and attention mechanisms, extending the YOLO-SPAM and YOLO-PAM models.

EmoAtlas: An emotional network analyzer of texts that merges psychological lexicons, artificial intelligence, and network science.

We introduce EmoAtlas, a computational library/framework extracting emotions and syntactic/semantic word associations from texts. EmoAtlas combines interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) for syntactic parsing in 18 languages and psychologically validated lexicons for detecting the eight emotions in Plutchik's theory. We show that EmoAtlas can match or surpass transformer-based natural language processing techniques, BERT or large language models like ChatGPT 3.

The impact of face masks on metacognition in sign language is mediated by proficiency.

Face masks can impact processing a narrative in sign language, affecting several metacognitive dimensions of understanding (i.e., perceived effort, confidence and feeling of understanding).

Age-dependent differences in breast tumor microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for efficacy studies in preclinical models.

Immunity suffers a function deficit during aging, and the incidence of cancer is increased in the elderly. However, most cancer models employ young mice, which are poorly representative of adult cancer patients. We have previously reported that Triple-Therapy (TT), involving antigen-presenting-cell activation by vinorelbine and generation of TCF1-stem-cell-like T cells (scTs) by cyclophosphamide significantly improved anti-PD-1 efficacy in anti-PD1-resistant models like Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), due to T-cell-mediated tumor killing.

The interplay of uncertainty, relevance and learning influences auditory categorization.

Auditory perception requires categorizing sound sequences, such as speech or music, into classes, such as syllables or notes. Auditory categorization depends not only on the acoustic waveform, but also on variability and uncertainty in how the listener perceives the sound - including sensory and stimulus uncertainty, the listener's estimated relevance of the particular sound to the task, and their ability to learn the past statistics of the acoustic environment. Whereas these factors have been studied in isolation, whether and how these factors interact to shape categorization remains unknown.

Sanctuary for vulnerable Arctic species at the Borealis Mud Volcano.

Borealis is a recently discovered submerged mud volcano in the Polar North Atlantic, differing from the numerous methane seepages previously identified in the region. Here we show in situ observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), capturing the release of warm (11.5 °C) Neogene sediments and methane-rich fluids from a gryphon at Borealis.

Extended cognitive load induces fast neural responses leading to commission errors.

Extended performance of cognitively demanding tasks induces cognitive fatigue manifested with an overall deterioration of behavioral performance. In particular, long practice with tasks requiring impulse control is typically followed by a decrease in self-control efficiency, leading to performance instability. Here, we show that this is due to changes in activation modalities of key task-related areas occurring if these areas previously underwent intensive use.

How to: share and reuse data - challenges and solutions from PrIMAVeRa project.

Background: Data sharing accelerates scientific progress and improves evidence quality. Even though journals and funding institutions require investigators to share data, only a small part of studies made their data publicly available upon publication. The procedures necessary to share retrospective data for re-use in secondary data analysis projects can be cumbersome.

Informed Consent and Shared Decision-Making in Modern Medicine. Case-based Approach, Current Gaps and Practical Proposal.

Advances in personalized medicine and Systems Biology have introduced probabilistic models and error discovery to cardiovascular care, aiding disease prevention and procedural planning. However, clinical application faces cultural, technical, and methodological hurdles. Patient autonomy remains essential, with shared decision-making (SDM) gaining importance in managing complex cardiovascular treatment options.

Kinetic and structural investigation of the 4-allyl syringol oxidase from Streptomyces cavernae.

4-Phenol oxidases are proposed to be involved in the utilization of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. While enzymes with selectivity towards 4-hydroxyphenyl and guaiacyl motifs are well described, we identified the first syringyl-specific oxidase from Streptomyces cavernae (Sc4ASO) only very recently. Here, in-depth studies were conducted to unravel the molecular origins of the outstanding selectivity of Sc4ASO.

A review of lignin as a precursor for macromonomers: Challenges and opportunities in utilizing agri-food waste.

Lignocellulosic biomass, rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, represents a promising renewable resource. However, lignin, a complex polyphenolic material, remains underutilized despite its surplus production. This review focuses on the conversion of lignin into macromonomers for polymer production.

Brain State Forecasting for Precise Brain Stimulation: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has the potential to yield insights into cortical functions and improve the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, its reliability is hindered by a low reproducibility of results. Among other factors, such low reproducibility is due to structural and functional variability between individual brains.

Efficacy and safety of long-acting muscarinic antagonists in COPD: a meta-analysis and meta-regression with a focus on aging.

The increasing global elderly population, projected to reach 20% of individuals aged 65 and over by 2030, faces significant pulmonary challenges, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aging is associated with a natural decline in lung function and structural changes that exacerbate respiratory issues. COPD, characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction, presents a unique challenge in older patients due to the accelerated decline in lung function.

Development of nebulized inhalation delivery for fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides to protect non-human primates against Nipah-Bangladesh infection.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that can be transmitted from person to person through the respiratory route. There are currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics. A lipopeptide-based fusion inhibitor was developed and previously evaluated for efficacy against the NiV-Malaysia strain.

Spatio-temporal transformers for decoding neural movement control.

Deep learning tools applied to high-resolution neurophysiological data have significantly progressed, offering enhanced decoding, real-time processing, and readability for practical applications. However, the design of artificial neural networks to analyze neural activity in vivo remains a challenge, requiring a delicate balance between efficiency in low-data regimes and the interpretability of the results. Approach: To address this challenge, we introduce a novel specialized transformer architecture to analyze single-neuron spiking activity.