Vacuum extraction is successful in 95% of cases with an occiput posterior position: the results of a prospective, multi-center study.

Background: Occiput-posterior (OP) position is associated with labor arrest, need of operative delivery and failed instrumental vaginal delivery with resulting adverse peripartum outcomes. Vacuum extraction (VE) is the most commonly performed type of instrumental delivery worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of VE in fetuses with sonographically confirmed OP position prior to the procedure.

Behavioural, cognitive, and neurophysiological effects of a synbiotic supplementation enriched with pigmented corn extract or cornstarch in drug-naïve children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double-blind, comparison-controlled clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Considerable interest has been recently given to the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) -a two-way communication network between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system- in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting the potential usefulness of probiotic and synbiotic supplementations. In light of the limited available evidence, synbiotic efficacy in ADHD children not taking medications should be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a synbiotic dietary supplementation on fatty acids levels as well as on microbiota composition, behaviour, cognition, and brain function in children with ADHD.

The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: High-quality estimates of the epidemiology of the autism spectrum and the health needs of autistic people are necessary for service planners and resource allocators. Here we present the global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 following improvements to the epidemiological data and burden estimation methods.

Methods: For GBD 2021, a systematic literature review involving searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, the Global Health Data Exchange, and consultation with experts identified data on the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder.

Exploring the Versatility of Spiking Neural Networks: Applications Across Diverse Scenarios.

In the last few decades, Artificial Neural Networks have become more and more important, evolving into a powerful tool to implement learning algorithms. Spiking neural networks represent the third generation of Artificial Neural Networks; they have earned growing significance due to their remarkable achievements in pattern recognition, finding extensive utility across diverse domains such as e.g.

Agro-industrial wastes and their application perspectives in metal decontamination using biocomposites and bacterial biomass: a review.

Contamination of water bodies is a significant global issue that results from the deliberate release of pollutants into the environment, especially from mining and metal processing industries. The main pollutants generated by these industries are metallic wastes, particularly metals, which can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective and sustainable approaches to prevent their discharge into the environment.

From spectroscopic data variability to optimal preprocessing: leveraging multivariate error in almond powder adulteration of different grain size.

Analysing samples in their original form is increasingly crucial in analytical chemistry due to the need for efficient and sustainable practices. Analytical chemists face the dual challenge of achieving accuracy while detecting minute analyte quantities in complex matrices, often requiring sample pretreatment. This necessitates the use of advanced techniques with low detection limits, but the emphasis on sensitivity can conflict with efforts to simplify procedures and reduce solvent use.

Working memory processes and the histamine-3 receptor in schizophrenia: a [C]MK-8278 PET-fMRI study.

Rationale: Working memory impairment is a prominent feature of schizophrenia which predicts clinical and functional outcomes. Preclinical data suggest histamine-3 receptor (H3R) expression in cortical pyramidal neurons may have a role in working memory, and post-mortem data has found disruptions of H3R expression in schizophrenia.

Objectives: We examined the role of H3R in vivo to elucidate its role on working memory impairment in schizophrenia.

Advantages of using a TorqVue LP catheter for patent arterial duct stenting in newborn with a duct-dependent pulmunary circulation: a case report.

Almost 20% of children with simple or complex types of CHD have a duct-dependent circulation The systemic-to-pulmonary shunt can be performed surgically, e.g., Blalock-Taussing shunt or with a patent duct arteriosus stenting.

Dynamical complexity of postural control system in autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility study of linear and non-linear measures in posturographic analysis of upright posture.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication with restricted and repetitive behavior. Postural and motor disturbances occur more often in ASD, in comparison to typically developing subjects, affecting the quality of life. Linear and non-linear indexes derived from the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) while subjects stand on force platforms are commonly used to assess postural stability.

Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is antibiotic resistance.

HER2DX genomic test in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.

Therapies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer significantly impact patient outcomes, quality of life, and health care systems. While chemotherapy and trastuzumab improve survival in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, variability in clinical and biological characteristics leads to different response to therapies and outcomes. Clinical guidelines provide general recommendations, but significant uncertainty persists in identifying an optimal treatment plan for individual patients.

Intracoronary Stenting and Additional Results Achieved by ShockWAVE Coronary Lithotripsy: Design and Rationale of ISAR-WAVE Trial.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention of severely calcified lesions is limited by inadequate stent expansion and poor clinical outcomes. Over the past decade, several devices and techniques have been developed for calcium modification and lesion preparation. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel tool in this context.

Enhancing physicochemical properties of Hydrochlorothiazide with zwitterionic L-proline and 5-Fluorocytosine cocrystals through mechanochemical synthesis.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) is a thiazide-type diuretic drug approved by the FDA in 1959 for treatment of hypertension and peripheral edema and has been used since. HTZ exhibits low solubility and low permeability, leading to variable oral bioavailability and limited intestinal drug permeability. For this reason, several attempts to improve HTZ physicochemical properties have been made during the past decades.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis patients with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV.

Background: Patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis are a vulnerable population with associated cardiac damage and a significant comorbidity burden. This study aimed to determine the rate, factors associated with, and prognostic value of poor functional status (NYHA class III-IV) in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: This multicenter study included 6,363 transarterial TAVR patients, classified according to baseline functional status (NYHA class I-II vs.

Meniscal tear analysis in anterior cruciate ligament rupture: A retrospective comparison of early versus delayed intervention.

Introduction: Combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal tear patterns and their effect on knee stability have been widely researched, however, their evolution and repairability from time of injury have been scarcely addressed. When addressed with delay, meniscal lesions associated with ACL tears may increase in severity and irreparability. This study aims to investigate the incidence, rate and pattern of meniscus tears in the context of ACL deficient knees and to assess the meniscal condition in early versus late ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

From food-to-human microplastics and nanoplastics exposure and health effects: a review on food, animal and human monitoring data.

This review figures out the overall status on the presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in food and their bioaccumulation in animal and human tissues, providing critical insights into possible human health impacts. Data are discussed on both in-vivo and ex-vivo animal and human studies, and the role of physicochemical properties in determining the biological fate and toxicological effects of MPs and NPs. Particular attention is given to dietary exposure assessments, specifically evaluating daily intake through the consumption of contaminated food items.

Epipelagic community as prominent biosensor for sub-micron and nanoparticles uptake: Insights from Field and Laboratory Experiments.

Nowadays, ENMs/NPLs particles have not yet been extensively measured in the environment, but there is increased concern that this size fraction may be more widely distributed and hazardous than larger-sized particles. This study aimed to examine the bioaccumulation potential of engineered nanomaterials and nanoplastics (ENMs/NPLs) across marine food webs, focusing on plankton communities and commercial fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus and Scomber colias) from the Gulf of Naples. Laboratory experiments on plankton assemblages exposed to fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 nm) for 24h at concentrations ranging from 0.

Emerging Role of Genetics in Kidney Transplantation.

The advent of more affordable genomic analytical pipelines has facilitated the expansion of genetic studies in kidney transplantation. Advances in genetic sequencing have allowed for a greater understanding of the genetic basis of chronic kidney disease, which has helped to guide transplant management and address issues related to living donation in specific disease settings. Recent efforts have shown significant effects of genetic ancestry and donor APOL1 risk genotypes in determining worse allograft outcomes and increased donation risks.

The interplay of NAD and hypoxic stress and its relevance for ageing.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential regulator of cellular metabolism and redox processes. NAD levels and the dynamics of NAD metabolism change with increasing age but can be modulated via the diet or medication. Because NAD metabolism is complex and its regulation still insufficiently understood, achieving specific outcomes without perturbing delicate balances through targeted pharmacological interventions remains challenging.

Cannabidiol induces autophagy via CB receptor and reduces α-synuclein cytosolic levels.

Numerous studies have explored the role of cannabinoids in neurological conditions, chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. Restoring autophagy has been proposed as a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In our study, we used a neuroblastoma cell line that overexpresses wild-type α-synuclein to investigate the effects of cannabidiol on autophagy modulation and reduction in the level of cytosolic α-synuclein.

Seventeen cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection in Italy: A multicenter retrospective study.

Mycobacterium marinum infection is rare, misrecognized and underdiagnosed but can cause severe clinical pictures, especially if the diagnosis is late and the patient is immunocompromised. Treatment includes long-term antibiotic therapy combined with surgical therapy when necessary. We performed a multicenter retrospective study with data from five Italian hospitals describing the epidemiological, clinical, bacteriological characteristics, and treatment outcome of subjects diagnosed with M.