A new epidemic wave of Bordetella pertussis in paediatric population: impact and role of co-infections in pertussis disease.

Background: In recent months, Bordetella pertussis has reappeared after maintaining a low rate for many years. Although pertussis is usually characterized by a favorable course, several factors can contribute to the severity of the disease, such as mixed respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluate B.

Towards a decision support system for post bariatric hypoglycaemia: development of forecasting algorithms in unrestricted daily-life conditions.

Background: Post bariatric hypoglycaemic (PBH) is a late complication of weight loss surgery, characterised by critically low blood glucose levels following meal-induced glycaemic excursions. The disabling consequences of PBH underline the need for the development of a decision support system (DSS) that can warn individuals about upcoming PBH events, thus enabling preventive actions to avoid impending episodes. In view of this, we developed various algorithms based on linear and deep learning models to forecast PBH episodes in the short-term.

Experience and role of Italian nurses working in genetic clinics: a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study.

Background: In several countries, the role of the genetic nurse has developed over decades, becoming well-recognized and integrated into healthcare systems. In contrast, in Italy, this role is still emerging, with no formal legal recognition and limited awareness among healthcare professionals and hospital administrators. Given this context, it is crucial to assess how the role and activities of nurses in genetic clinics in Italy are perceived.

Training received, knowledge, and use of Silver Diamine Fluoride among Italian dentists: a nationwide survey.

Objective: To investigate the education, knowledge and behaviour of Italian dentists regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2022, through an online survey linked to an online continuing medical education (CME) course sent to Italian dentists. A priori power analysis estimated the necessary sample to be 1480 dentists with an anticipated frequency of 50% and a power of 99.

Use of artificial intelligence to study the hospitalization of women undergoing caesarean section.

Objective: The incidence of caesarean sections (CSs) has increased significantly in recent years, especially in developed countries. This study aimed to identify the factors that most influence the length of hospital stay (LOS) after a CS, using data from 9,900 women who underwent CS at the "Federico II" University Hospital of Naples between 2014 and 2021.

Methods: Various artificial intelligence models were employed to analyze the relationships between the LOS and a set of independent variables, including maternal and foetal characteristics.

International expert consensus on micronutrient supplement use during the early life course.

Background: Growing evidence demonstrates that maternal nutrition is crucial for the health of the mother-to-be, and early life course of the offspring. However, for most micronutrients, guidelines are inconsistent. This Delphi study aimed to investigate the level of expert consensus on maternal nutrition and micronutrient needs during preconception, pregnancy and lactation.

Anesthesia for pregnant patients with symptomatic neurological disease: 13 years' experience from a tertiary care center.

Background: Improvements in diagnostics and clinical care have allowed more women of childbearing age, suffering from neurological diseases, to safely have pregnancy, reducing peripartum complications. However, these patients remain at risk and are a constant challenge for anesthesiologists in the delivery room.

Methods: To assess the type of anesthesiologic management performed for delivery in obstetric patients with preexisting neurological disease and who reported significant neurological symptoms during pregnancy, a retrospective observational study was carried out between 1 October 2008 and 30 September 2021.

A case of stroke as a unique sign of subclinical infective endocarditis by Abiotrophia defectiva: a case report.

Purpose: Here we describe a patient admitted for a stroke that was unexpectedly correlated with subclinical infective endocarditis attributable to a rarely opportunistic pathogen, Abiotrophia defectiva.

Case Report: A 75-year-old man presented with a stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography suggested vegetation on all aortic valve cusps, despite the absence of clinical or laboratory signs of infection.

Intensified Induction Therapy for Newly Diagnosed, Localized Skeletal Ewing Sarcoma (ISG/AIEOP EW-1): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3, Non-Inferiority Trial.

Background: Several studies have shown that the intensity of treatment in Ewing sarcoma has an impact on outcome. The present trial tested the non-inferiority of intensive, shorter, induction chemotherapy (25 weeks total treatment time) compared to the standard treatment (37 weeks) in non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) at onset.

Procedure: This national, multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority, phase III trial was conducted in 14 specialized hospitals in Italy.

Heart Rate Variability Predicts Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Inhibitory Learning.

Exposure therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, there are individual differences in the extent to which this intervention is effective in reducing symptoms, and a substantial number of patients may experience a return of fear (ROF). The factors associated with successful therapy outcomes are an important topic of investigation as these factors might influence the nature of the interventions as well as enhance our understanding of the process associated with the disorder and its treatment.

Suggestions for the decision making in subjective cognitive complaints.

In recent years, the increasing life expectancy has underscored the importance of cognitive health alongside physical well-being, particularly because healthy adults may report subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), often related to memory. These complaints may or may not align with objective cognitive impairments, fueling ongoing debates about whether SCC could serve as an early indicator of dementia. While some studies suggest SCC as a potential precursor to dementia, others propose that these complaints may merely co-occur with cognitive decline.

Circulating biomarkers associated with walking performance in elderly subjects: exploring miRNAs, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.

Aging phenotype is characterized by musculoskeletal impairment that leads to diminished mobility and physical function. This study investigated whether circulating miRNAs and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers may reflect the walking performance of the elderly. Elderly hospitalized for an acute condition and recruited from the ReportAge Biobank were grouped, based on their walking performance, in active subjects (n = 23, age: 83.

The Implementation of Decision Aids During Medical Consultations for Lung Cancer Patients: A Focus Group Within I3LUNG Project.

Lung cancer patients generally receive several information regarding their illness characteristics and available intervention. Therefore, patients can experience confusion, leading to anxiety and distress that might damage the relationship with physicians and treatment adherence. Literature showed that implementing decision aid tools during consultation can promote patients' knowledge and awareness about lung cancer and available oncological intervention, improving a shared decision-making process.

Seasonal forecasting of East African short rains.

The variability of East African short rains (October-December) has profound socioeconomic and environmental impacts on the region, making accurate seasonal rainfall predictions essential. We evaluated the predictability of East African short rains using model ensembles from the multi-system seasonal retrospective forecasts from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). We assess the prediction skill for 1- to 5-month lead times using forecasts initialized in September for each year from 1993 to 2016.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Bose-Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in a spin-1 triangular lattice.

In ordered magnets, the elementary excitations are spin waves (magnons), which obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Similarly to Cooper pairs in superconductors, magnons can be paired into bound states under attractive interactions. The Zeeman coupling to a magnetic field is able to tune the particle density through a quantum critical point, beyond which a 'hidden order' is predicted to exist.

Epigenetic regulation of HOXA2 expression affects tumor progression and predicts breast cancer patient survival.

Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic biomarkers hold potential for enhancing the early detection and monitoring of breast cancer (BC). Epigenetic alterations of the Homeobox A2 (HOXA2) gene have recently garnered significant attention in the clinical management of various malignancies. However, the precise role of HOXA2 in breast tumorigenesis has remained elusive.

Phenotypic simulation for fruit-related traits in F progenies of chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) using genomic prediction based solely on parental information.

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruits are used as vegetables, spices, and ornamental plants, necessitating various fruit characteristics. However, their genetic improvement is challenging through conventional crossbreeding due to the quantitative traits, which makes it difficult to predict phenotypes in the progeny.

Circulating tumour DNA in early stage and locally advanced NSCLC: ready for clinical implementation?

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can be released by cancer cells into biological fluids through apoptosis, necrosis or active release. In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ctDNA levels correlate with clinical and pathological factors, including histology, tumour size and proliferative status. Currently, ctDNA analysis is recommended for molecular profiling in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC.

Machine learning validation of the AVAS classification compared to ultrasound mapping in a multicentre study.

The Arteriovenous Access Stage (AVAS) classification simplifies information about suitability of vessels for vascular access (VA). It's been previously validated in a clinical study. Here, AVAS performance was tested against multiple ultrasound mapping measurements using machine learning.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

De novo transcriptome assembly of the Mediterranean sea-rock pool mosquitoes Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii.

Understanding the genomic consequences of hybridization is an essential research focus in global change biology. Species adapted to rapidly changing environments can offer valuable, yet largely underexplored insights in this context. Here, we present the first de novo transcriptomes of the sea-rock pools mosquitoes Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii, two species adapted to highly variable habitats.

Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan.

This study aims to examine the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics using multiple spectral indices. The processes of temporal fluctuations in the land surface temperature is strongly related to the morphological features of the area in which the temperature is determined, and the given factors significantly affect the thermal properties of the surface. This research is being conducted in Pakistan to identify the vegetation cover, water bodies, impervious surfaces, and land surface temperature using decadal remote sensing data with four intervals during 1993-2023 in the Mardan division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.