Enormous Out-of-Plane Charge Rectification and Conductance through Two-Dimensional Monolayers.

Heterogeneous integration of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials with mature three-dimensional (3D) silicon-based semiconductor technology presents a promising approach for the future development of energy-efficient, function-rich nanoelectronic devices. In this study, we designed a mixed-dimensional junction structure in which a 2D monolayer (e.g.

Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. The primary analysis of KATHERINE, a phase 3, open-label trial, showed that the risk of invasive breast cancer or death was 50% lower with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) than with trastuzumab alone.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla after neoadjuvant systemic treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab to receive T-DM1 or trastuzumab for 14 cycles.

Comparison of Outcomes of Deep Sclerectomy, Canaloplasty, and Viscocanaloplasty: A Multi-Centred Study.

Prcis: Deep sclerectomy (DS) and canaloplasty provide better intraocular pressure (IOP) control than viscocanalostomy. DS required less glaucoma medications but more interventions to reach target IOP.

Purpose: To compare real-world outcomes of three non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) techniques.

Transient interactions between the fuzzy coat and the cross-β core of brain-derived Aβ42 filaments.

Several human disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by the aberrant formation of amyloid fibrils. In many cases, the amyloid core is flanked by disordered regions, known as fuzzy coat. The structural properties of fuzzy coats, and their interactions with their environments, however, have not been fully described to date.

CD4FOXP3Exon2 regulatory T cell frequency predicts breast cancer prognosis and survival.

CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (T) suppress immune responses to tumors, and their accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) correlates with poor clinical outcome in several cancers, including breast cancer (BC). However, the properties of intratumoral T remain largely unknown. Here, we found that a functionally distinct subpopulation of T, expressing the FOXP3 Exon2 splicing variants, is prominent in patients with hormone receptor-positive BC with poor prognosis.

Insights on the evolution and adaptation toward high-altitude and cold environments in the snow leopard lineage.

How snow leopard gradually adapted to the extreme environments in Tibet remains unexplored due to the scanty fossil record in Tibet. Here, we recognize five valid outside-Tibet records of the snow leopard lineage. Our results suggest that the snow leopard dispersed out of the Tibetan Plateau multiple times during the Quaternary.

Fully biodegradable hierarchically designed high-performance nanocellulose piezo-arrays.

While piezoelectric sensing and energy-harvesting devices still largely rely on inorganic components, biocompatible and biodegradable piezoelectric materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, might constitute optimal and sustainable building blocks for a variety of applications in electronics and transient implants. To this aim, however, effective methods are needed to position cellulose nanocrystals in large and high-performance architectures. Here, we report on scalable assemblies of cellulose nanocrystals in multilayered piezoelectric systems with exceptional response, for various application scopes.

Merging motoneuron and postural synergies in prosthetic hand design for natural bionic interfacing.

Despite the advances in bionic reconstruction of missing limbs, the control of robotic limbs is still limited and, in most cases, not felt to be as natural by users. In this study, we introduce a control approach that combines robotic design based on postural synergies and neural decoding of synergistic behavior of spinal motoneurons. We developed a soft prosthetic hand with two degrees of actuation that realizes postures in a two-dimensional linear manifold generated by two postural synergies.

Short-term impact of low air pressure on plants' functional traits.

Lower atmospheric pressure affects biologically relevant physical parameters such as gas partial pressure and concentration, leading to increased water vapor diffusivity and greater soil water content loss through evapotranspiration. This might impact plant photosynthetic activity, resource allocation, water relations, and growth. However, the direct impact of low air pressure on plant physiology is largely unknown.

Lower Diversity of Amylase-Trypsin Inhibitors and -Released Opioid-Containing Peptides in Ancestral Compared to Modern Wheat Varieties Assessed by Proteomics and Peptidomics.

This study focused on identifying amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) in seven Norwegian-cultivated wheat varieties, including common wheat and ancestral species, and identifying potentially harmful opioid peptides within the digesta of these wheats. LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides from ATI fractions revealed that the common wheat variety Børsum exhibited the highest diversity of ATIs ( = 24), while they were less represented in tetraploid emmer ( = 11). Hexaploid wheat Bastian showed low diversity and relative abundance of ATIs.

The co-occurrence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of multiple conditions (multimorbidity) and multiple medications (polypharmacy) across many populations. Previous literature has focused on the prevalence and impact of these health states separately, but there is a need to better understand their co-occurrence.

Methods And Findings: This study reported on multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in two national datasets: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Altered microbiome and metabolome profiling in fearful companion dogs: An exploratory study.

Behavioral dysfunctions in dogs represent one of the main social concerns, since they can endanger animals and human-dog relationship. Together with the trigger stimulus (human, animal, place, scent, auditory stimuli, objects), dogs can experience stressful conditions, either in multiple settings or unique situations, more often turning into generalized fear. Such a dysfunctional behavior can be associated with genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, traumatic experiences, and medical conditions.

Dynamics and triggers of misinformation on vaccines.

The Covid-19 pandemic has sparked renewed attention to the risks of online misinformation, emphasizing its impact on individuals' quality of life through the spread of health-related myths and misconceptions. In this study, we analyze 6 years (2016-2021) of Italian vaccine debate across diverse social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube), encompassing all major news sources-both questionable and reliable. We first use the symbolic transfer entropy analysis of news production time-series to dynamically determine which category of sources, questionable or reliable, causally drives the agenda on vaccines.

From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.

A key challenge in the art and archaeological field is the instrumental analysis of objects and materials while preserving their integrity. In this study, the world-renowned artwork Alexander Mosaic (The Issus Battle, collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, IT), the most iconic representation of the face of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great coming from a Pompeii domus, was thoroughly analyzed with mobile and non-invasive methods, within a great project of restoration started in 2020. Representative areas of the Mosaic, overall consisting of ca.

State of the art modelling for the Black Sea ecosystem to support European policies.

The Black Sea is affected by numerous anthropogenic pressures, such as eutrophication and pollution through coastal and river discharges, fisheries overexploitation, species invasions, and the impacts of climate change. Growing concerns regarding the cumulative effects of these pressures have necessitated the need for an ecosystem approach to assessing the state of this basin. In recent years, the European Commission-JRC has developed a scientific and modelling tool, the Blue2 Modelling Framework with the aim of exploring the consequences of EU management and policy options on marine ecosystems.

Distinct patterns of osteoradionecrosis after photon-based radiotherapy and carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: case series from two institutions.

Background And Purpose: To present the clinical outcomes of two series of patients treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and definitive photon radiotherapy (RT) for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (HN-ACC).

Material And Methods: The first cohort of six patients was referred from Oslo University Hospital (OUS) to Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy) for CIRT in 2014-2017. The second cohort included 18 patients treated with definitive photon RT at OUS in 2005-2017.

Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), with an age of onset < 6 years, can present with severe manifestations and may require biologic therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab are approved for induction and maintenance in pediatric IBD patients but are licensed only above the age of 6 years. Effectiveness and safety data on adalimumab in this patient population are lacking.

Global research trends in biological therapy for ankylosing spondylitis: A comprehensive visualization and bibliometric study (2004-2023).

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and pelvic bones. Recently, many researchers have confirmed that biological therapy is effective for AS patients, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of AS. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of scientific research on AS and biological therapy worldwide and investigate research hotspots and the direction of future trends.

Multiple Reaction Pathways for Oxygen Evolution as a Key Factor for the Catalytic Activity of Nickel-Iron (Oxy)Hydroxides.

We present a comprehensive theoretical study, using state-of-the-art density functional theory simulations, of the structural and electrochemical properties of amorphous pristine and iron-doped nickel-(oxy)hydroxide catalyst films for water oxidation in alkaline solutions, referred to as NiCat and Fe:NiCat. Our simulations accurately capture the structural changes in locally ordered units, as reported by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, when the catalyst films are activated by exposure to a positive potential. We emphasize the critical role of proton-coupled electron transfer in the reversible oxidation of Ni(II) to Ni(III/IV) during this activation.

Length of Hospital Stay and Its Predictions Among Patients With Exacerbations of Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

Background: Chronic respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may deteriorate into acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Assessing the predictors of prolonged hospital stays could help identify potential interventions to reduce the burden on patients and healthcare systems.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the risk factors attributed to prolonged hospital stays among patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory disorders in Jordan.

Artificial Intelligence-Guided Lung Ultrasound by Nonexperts.

Importance: Lung ultrasound (LUS) aids in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, including those with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but requires technical proficiency for image acquisition. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding novice users to acquire high-quality cardiac ultrasound images, suggesting its potential for broader use in LUS.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of AI to guide acquisition of diagnostic-quality LUS images by trained health care professionals (THCPs).