A diffusion-based super resolution model for enhancing sonar images.

Improved hardware and processing techniques such as synthetic aperture sonar have led to imaging sonar with centimeter resolution. However, practical limitations and old systems limit the resolution in modern and legacy datasets. This study proposes using single image super resolution based on a conditioned diffusion model to map between images at different resolutions.

Echocardiographic evaluation of the size of the main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery in dogs with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Evaluating the size of the pulmonary artery (PA) is key for the echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the main PA (MPA) and right PA (RPA) sizes for the echocardiographic detection of PH in dogs, and to evaluate differences between precapillary and postcapillary PH dogs.

Animals: Four hundred four dogs; 136 controls and 268 with PH.

Immunological findings of West Caucasian bat virus in an accidental host.

Unlabelled: The genus includes seventeen viral species able to cause rabies, an acute and almost invariably fatal encephalomyelitis of mammals. Rabies virus (RABV), which represents the type species of the genus, is a multi-host pathogen that over the years has undergone multiple events of host-switching, thus occupying several geographical and ecological niches. In contrast, non-RABV lyssaviruses are mainly confined within a single natural host with rare spillover events.

Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers' Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003-2019.

Educational disparities in mothers' parenting time have implications for socioeconomic inequality in children's resources and later life attainment. The reproduction of inequality could be more consequential if educational disparities are most pronounced at child ages when a specific parenting need is more developmentally important. Following recent findings suggesting a general reduction in the educational gradient in mothers' overall parenting time, this study aims to determine if this convergence extends to the developmental gradient in parenting.

Global Gac/Rsm regulatory system activates the biosynthesis of mupirocin by controlling the MupR/I quorum sensing system in sp. NCIMB 10586.

The biosynthesis of mupirocin, a clinically significant antibiotic produced by sp. NCIMB 10586, is activated by the -acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) MupR/I quorum sensing (QS) system. However, to date, limited research has focused on the influence of global regulators such as the GacS/A two-component system (TCS) on the MupR/I QS system or mupirocin biosynthesis.

Synthesis of Xenes: physical and chemical methods.

Since the debut of silicene in the experimental stage more than a decade ago, the family of two-dimensional elementary layers beyond graphene, called Xenes or transgraphenes, has rapidly expanded to include elements from groups II to VI of the periodic table. This expansion has opened pathways for the engineering of elementary monolayers that are inherently different from their bulk counterparts in terms of fundamental physical properties. Common guidelines for synthesizing Xenes can be categorized into well-defined methodological approaches.

Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Loaded Subperiosteal Implants Evaluated on a Realistic Model Reproducing Severe Atrophic Jaws.

Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation for patients with severely atrophic jaws is challenging due to complex anatomical considerations and the limitations of conventional augmentation techniques. This study explores the potential of subperiosteal (juxta-osseous) implants as an alternative solution, using finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate mechanical performance. Realistic jaw models, developed from radiographic data, are utilized to simulate various implant configurations and load scenarios.

A Double Fluorescent Staining Method Increases the Sensitivity of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay.

The micronucleus test is one of the most popular genotoxicity assays. In order to avoid underestimation of micronuclei frequencies by counting non-replicating cells, the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test has been developed. In this technique, only binucleated cells are scored.

Plasma Humanin and Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely driven by peripheral endothelial dysfunction (ED). Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, has been suggested to play a protective role in endothelial function. However, the relationship between Humanin levels and ED in RA, as well as the interaction between Humanin and non-coding RNAs such as Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5, microRNA-21 (miR-21), and microRNA-103 (miR-103), remains unclear.

Perspectives in MicroRNA Therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis.

The discovery of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cystic fibrosis (CF) has generated increasing interest in the past years, due to their possible employment as a novel class of drugs to be studied in pre-clinical settings of therapeutic protocols for cystic fibrosis. In this narrative review article, consider and comparatively evaluate published laboratory information of possible interest for the development of miRNA-based therapeutic protocols for cystic fibrosis. We consider miRNAs involved in the upregulation of CFTR, miRNAs involved in the inhibition of inflammation and, finally, miRNAs exhibiting antibacterial activity.

Time Estimation Following an Exhaustive Exercise.

Time estimation was investigated in 24 healthy adults, including 12 women and 12 men, before and after an exhaustive exercise. : We compared the ability of estimating time intervals in the range 1 to 5 s using tasks requiring mental counting and tasks that did not allow it. Time estimation and blood lactate levels were evaluated before and at the end of the exercise.

Reversing Decline in Aging Muscles: Expected Trends, Impacts and Remedies.

: Age-related decline in musculoskeletal function is a significant concern, particularly in Western countries facing demographic shifts and increased healthcare demands. This review examines the typical trajectories of musculoskeletal deterioration with age and evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions in preventing or reversing these changes. : The review analyzes documented rates of decline across multiple parameters, including muscle mass, Type II muscle fiber reduction, and decreased motor unit firing rates.

Bone Adaptations to a Whole Body Vibration Protocol in Murine Models of Different Ages: A Preliminary Study on Structural Changes and Biomarker Evaluation.

: Whole body vibration (WBV) is a valuable tool to mitigate physiological adaptations related to age and inactivity. Although significant benefits have been found at the musculoskeletal level, including increased bone mass and reduced muscle atrophy, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of vibratory training on bone tissue in murine models of different age groups by investigating the structural and distribution changes in some crucial biomarkers involved in musculoskeletal homeostasis.

Special Issue "Working Group in Sports Medicine".

The Special Issue "Working Group in Sports Medicine" has been successfully concluded, offering significant contributions to the growing discourse on sports medicine as a dynamic and interdisciplinary field [...

Multisport-Integrated Training for Rugby Instructors: Success and Effects on Minirugby Players.

Background/objectives: The educational system thinking approach (ST) takes a holistic vision of instructors/teachers and learners' relationships, making sports pivotal for reflection on education. This study evaluated the efficacy of a multisport ST-based course on minirugby instructors' teaching competence and children players' motor conduct.

Methods: The twenty-five rugby instructors (IAC) attended the 25 h course and the children of their teams (n = 109, Ch-IAC) participated in this study as experimental groups.

A Comparison Between Italian Division I and College American Football Players in the NFL Combine Test Battery.

: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the level of physical capacities of Italian American Football (AF) players and compare their performances with published data of American college players. A secondary aim was to assess whether the performance of Italian players in the NFL Combine tests has improved over time compared to previously tested players of similar competitive level. A total of 41 Italian AF players (age 28.

Special Issue "Exercise and Neurodegenerative Disease 2.0".

It is well known that sedentary life is detrimental for human health; on the contrary, an active lifestyle represents an efficient instrument to guarantee and promote physical and psychological health [...

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Focused Vibrations Plus Kinesiotaping with Insights into Radiological Influences-An Observational Study.

Background: This observational study investigates the efficacy of combining local muscle vibration (LMV) therapy and kinesiotaping using the McConnell method (KMcCM) in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). PFPS is a prevalent knee condition characterized by anterior or medial knee pain exacerbated by activities that overload the patellofemoral joint.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LMV combined with KMcCM in reducing pain and improving function in PFPS patients.

Enhancing Biomedicine: Proteomics and Metabolomics in Action.

The rapid and substantial advancements in proteomic and metabolomic technologies have revolutionized our ability to investigate biological systems [...

Regeneration, Regengrow and Tissue Repair in Animals: Evolution Indicates That No Regeneration Occurs in Terrestrial Environments but Only Recovery Healing.

The present, brief review paper summarizes previous studies on a new interpretation of the presence and absence of regeneration in invertebrates and vertebrates. Broad regeneration is considered exclusive of aquatic or amphibious animals with larval stages and metamorphosis, where also a patterning process is activated for whole-body regeneration or for epimorphosis. In contrast, terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates can only repair injury or the loss of body parts through a variable "recovery healing" of tissues, regengrow or scarring.

Mesenchymal Traits as an Intrinsic Feature of Undifferentiated Cells.

Since its first conceptualization over a century ago, the mesenchymal phenotype has traditionally been viewed as either a transient phase between successive epithelial stages or as a feature of cell types primarily devoted to structural support. However, recent findings in cancer research challenge this limited view, demonstrating that mesenchymal traits and hybrid mesenchymal/epithelial states can mark cancer cells with stem cell properties. By analyzing publicly available single-cell transcriptome datasets from early embryonic stages and adult tissues, this study aims to extend this concept beyond pathological contexts, suggesting that a partial or fully mesenchymal phenotype may represent the morphological expression of undifferentiated and multipotent states in both the developing embryo and adult organs.

Autoantibodies, Oxidative Stress, and Nutritional State in Anorexia Nervosa.

: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight, leading to severe calorie restriction and weight loss. Beyond its psychiatric challenges, AN has significant physical consequences affecting multiple organ systems. Recent research has increasingly focused on the interplay between autoantibodies, oxidative stress, and nutritional state in this condition.

Healthcare Workers' Attitudes Toward Older Adults' Nutrition: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Nursing Homes.

Malnutrition is a widespread issue among older people, significantly impacting health outcomes. Nutritional interventions can improve health, but their success often depends on the attitudes and knowledge of healthcare workers. This study assesses healthcare workers' attitudes toward older people's nutrition using the validated Italian version of the Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Geriatric care scale (SANN-G), focusing on staff in nursing homes in Northern Italy.

Comparing the PRISMA-7 and a Modified Version (PRISMA-6) for Frailty Screening: Addressing Sex Bias in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Frailty screening facilitates the identification of older adults at risk of adverse health outcomes. The Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy 7 (PRISMA-7) is a widely utilised frailty tool; however, concerns regarding its potential sex bias persist due to item 2, which assigns a frailty point for male sex. This study compared the PRISMA-7 with a modified version, the PRISMA-6 (excluding item 2), to assess their suitability for frailty screening in South Tyrol, Italy.