Enabling technology with minimally invasive strategies: robot-assisted Cortical Bone Trajectory screws fixation in lateral transpsoas interbody fusion.

Objectives: The robot-assisted cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw placement is safer than the traditional fluoroscopy-assisted approach. This is the first technical note reporting a novel technique of robot-assisted CBT screws placement with a subfascial transmuscular approach.

Technical Note: After a lumbar interbody cage position, the second step consists in the robot-assisted placement of CBT screws in a prone position.

Incidence and mortality trends of people living with dementia among 7 million individuals over 10 years in Italy: a retrospective cohort study using administrative linked data.

Purpose: We aimed to estimate trends of dementia incidence and to compute and compare all-cause mortality among people living with and without dementia, in a whole regionalpopulation, from 2013 to 2023.

Methods: Our retrospective population-wide cohort study included 7,030,374 people aged 50 years and older from regional administrative data, living in Lombardy, the most populous Italian region. We computed annual age-standardised dementia incidence estimated rates and age-standardised all-cause mortality estimated rates among people living with and without dementia, both overall and stratified by age and sex.

Management of Angina Pectoris.

Angina pectoris, a primary manifestation of ischemic heart disease, imposes a significant clinical and economic burden globally. This review highlights recent advancements in the management of angina, emphasizing a patient-centred approach that integrates pharmacological, interventional, and lifestyle strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve patient outcomes. For obstructive coronary artery disease, optimal medical therapy represents the cornerstone of treatment.

pH-sensitive lyotropic liquid crystal beads designed for oral zero-order extended drug release.

The present study introduces a novel formulation approach for utilizing Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (LLCs) as sustained oral delivery systems. For this purpose, we have developed a novel bottom-up fabrication process that enables the LLC beads to be formulated with precise control over their diameter by pre-determining their surface area. By directly controlling the effective diffusional interfacial surface of the LLCs, their release rate from the LLC beads can be determined.

Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis infection and predictive indicators of disease progression: utilizing host and pathogen biomarkers to enhance the TB elimination strategies.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious disease. An estimated quarter of the world's population, about 2 billion people, has an immune response to Mtb without clinical, microbiological, or radiological signs of TB disease. This condition is known as TB infection (TBI) and carries a lifelong risk of reactivation with 5-10% of individuals eventually developing TB disease during their lifetime.

Hortensin 4, main type 1 ribosome inactivating protein from red mountain spinach seeds: Structural characterization and biological action.

Here, we report the primary structure of hortensin 4, main type 1 ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Atriplex hortensis seeds. The complete sequencing was achieved by a combination of mass spectrometry coupled with Edman degradation. The amino acid sequence of hortensin 4 matches with that of Atriplex patens type 1 RIP, deduced from the cDNA sequence (AC: ABJ90432.

The comparison between modified one-portal bankart repair to prevent suture tangling and standard two-portal arthroscopic bankart repair technique.

We have carefully reviewed the letter to the editor by Kushtrim Grezda and deemed it highly noteworthy. To address the issues stated in the letter to the editor, we agreed to prepare the authors' response.

Emerging technologies for pollinator monitoring.

Efficient tools for monitoring pollinator populations are urgently needed to address their reported declines. Here, we review advanced technologies focusing on image recognition and DNA-based methods to monitor bees, hoverflies, moths and butterflies. Insect camera traps are widely used to record nocturnal insects against uniform backgrounds, while cameras studying diurnal pollinators in natural vegetation are in early stages of development.

Delphi consensus-based recommendations of tools and outcomes for the assessment of radiation dermatitis severity.

Introduction: Acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is a common side effect experienced during radiation therapy (RT) for cancer. Published clinical trials for ARD use a myriad of assessment tools and outcomes to measure ARD severity, which limits the comparability of clinical trial results. Our study utilized a modified Delphi consensus survey to gather expert opinions on commonly used tools for ARD severity.

Adrenocortical carcinoma: a practical guide for clinicians.

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy. The management of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma is challenging for several reasons, including its heterogeneous but frequently aggressive biological behaviour; tumour-related hormonal excess (eg, Cushing's syndrome or virilisation); the overall paucity of evidence regarding diagnostic investigation and treatment; the approval of only one drug (mitotane); and the scarcity of centres with sufficient experience. In this Review, we present 25 questions on the most important aspects of the clinical management of adult patients with adrenocortical carcinoma that we have frequently asked ourselves over the past 25 years.

Safety and immunogenicity of a pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine targeting serogroups A, C, W, Y, and X when co-administered with routine childhood vaccines at ages 9 months and 15 months in Mali: a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Invasive meningococcal disease is a devastating public health problem for the African meningitis belt. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a pentavalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine targeting serogroups A, C, Y, W, and X (NmCV-5) relative to a licensed, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) when co-administered with routine childhood vaccines at ages 9 months and 15 months.

Methods: In this single-centre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial, children aged 9-11 months who had completed their local infant Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines were recruited at the Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins in Bamako, Mali.

Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program with Virtual Reality (MEP-VR) versus standard approaches on functional and cognitive domains in hospitalised geriatric patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Conventional care models for older adults often disregard negative effects of hospitalization and neglect potential benefits of technology. This trial aims to investigate effects of Multicomponent Exercise Program with Virtual Reality (MEP-VR) on functional and cognitive outcomes in hospitalized older adults, compared to MEP-only or usual care approaches.

Methods: This three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial will include 255 participants aged 75 or older, with a Barthel Index score of at least 60, able to walk and cooperate, have an estimated hospital stay of at least four days, and provide informed consent.

On the role of bacterial gut microbiota from supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808) in bioplastic degradation.

Despite the promise of a reduced environmental impact, bioplastics are subjected to dispersion and accumulation similarly to traditional plastics, especially in marine and coastal environments. The environmental impact of bioplastics is attracting increasing attention due to the growing market demand. The ability of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator to ingest and survive on pristine starch-based bioplastic has already been assessed.

Prediction of early recurrence as a marker of surgical futility in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Long-term survival after resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is impaired by very high recurrence rates. When recurrence occurs within 6 months (early recurrence: ER) the benefit of surgery is equivalent to palliative chemotherapy in unresectable patients. Therefore, ER is a surrogate of surgical futility in PDAC.

Investigating the causal relationship between electricity pricing policy and CO emission: An application of machine learning-driven metalearners.

Investigating the causal relationship between electricity pricing policies and CO emissions is vital for crafting effective climate strategies, as it reveals how pricing mechanisms can inadvertently influence environmental outcomes. So, the paper utilizes the Causal Machine Learning (CausalML) statistical approach to examine how electricity pricing policies affect carbon dioxide (CO) emissions within the household sector. The study utilizes the Causal Machine Learning (CausalML) statistical approach to examine how electricity pricing policies affect carbon dioxide (CO) emissions within the household sector.

A virtual reality environment to study work-related objectification.

The present work introduces the ACME VR paradigm, a novel virtual reality-based approach for investigating work-related objectification. Traditional laboratory methods often lack ecological validity. Therefore, VR has been used for creating a realistic paradigm maintaining high experimental control.

Is total mesorectal excision mandatory in advanced ovarian cancer patients undergoing posterior pelvic exenteration? Prognostic role of mesorectal space involvement in a prospective ovarian cancer cohort.

Introduction: In advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC), debulking surgery with posterior pelvic exenteration (PPE) is performed in 35-70 % of the patients to achieve no macroscopic residual disease. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of mesorectal involvement and its prognostic role in AEOC patients undergoing PPE.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study analyzes data from a cohort of AEOC patients who underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS) with PPE at the Léon Bérard Cancer Center in Lyon between 2018 and 2022.

Long-term functional outcomes after Transanal Transection and Single-Stapled (TTSS) anastomosis for rectal cancer measured by electronic Patients Reported Outcome Measures (ePROMs).

Background: The transanal transection and single-stapled anastomosis (TTSS) is gaining interest as a reconstructive technique whenever a restorative procedure after a total mesorectal excision (TME) is planned. TTSS, allowing lower anastomoses than the conventional DS technique, may raise discussion about its functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare long-term functional outcomes of TTSS and DS techniques performed after TME for rectal cancer (RC).

Structural brain alterations and changes in resting-state functional connectivity in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: A meta-analysis.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe, electric shock-like pain in one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Even though neuroimaging studies have highlighted alterations in brain cortical and subcortical structure and functional connectivity, findings are heterogeneous.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to synthesize structural and functional brain changes in TN patients through a coordinate-based meta-analysis using GingerALE.

Development of novel amino-benzenesulfonamide derivatives and their analogues as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, anticancer activity assessment, and pharmacokinetic studies using UPLC-MS/MS.

The present study outlines the design and synthesis of dual-tail analogues of SLC-0111 as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) targeting tumor isoforms IX and XII 4a-h and 5a-h, along with pharmacokinetic studies. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against four carbonic anhydrase isoforms (hCA I, II, IX, and XII), revealing potent activity, particularly against hCA IX and XII. Notably, compounds 4b, 5a, and 5b demonstrated strong inhibition of hCA IX with K values of 20.