Aligning corporate social responsibility with artificial intelligence in healthcare in the context of the post-COVID-19 recovery: a viewpoint.

Purpose: This study explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and artificial intelligence (AI) can be combined in the healthcare industry during the post-COVID-19 recovery phase. The aim is to showcase how this fusion can help tackle healthcare inequalities, enhance accessibility and support long-term sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a viewpoint approach, the study leverages existing literature and case studies to analyze the intersection of CSR and AI.

Greater improvement in insulin sensitivity per unit weight loss associated with tirzepatide versus semaglutide: An exploratory analysis.

Aims: To explore the relationship between weight loss and insulin sensitivity in response to tirzepatide or semaglutide.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a post hoc exploratory analysis of a 28-week, double-blind, randomized trial in people with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, randomized to tirzepatide 15 mg, semaglutide 1 mg or placebo. We evaluated the relationship between change in body weight and change in insulin sensitivity determined from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (M value), or from mixed-meal tolerance testing (Matsuda index).

Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate estimation through plasma clearance of iohexol in seagulls (Larus michahellis).

Background: Current endogenous indicators utilised in avian medicine are not sensitive enough to detect renal disease in its early stages. Alternative markers ought to be examined as a result. The aim is to investigate the accuracy of limited-sampling models for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adult seagulls using plasma clearance of iohexol (IOX).

Deep analysis of the major histocompatibility complex genetic associations using covariate analysis and haploblocks unravels new mechanisms for the molecular etiology of Elite Control in AIDS.

Introduction: We have reanalyzed the genomic data from the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV (ICGH), focusing on HIV-1 Elite Controllers (EC).

Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed, comparing 543 HIV-1 EC individuals with 3,272 uninfected controls (CTR) of European ancestry. 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HLA class I and class II gene alleles were imputed to compare EC and CTR.

Effectiveness and tolerability of rimegepant in the acute treatment of migraine: a real-world, prospective, multicentric study (GAINER study).

Background: Rimegepant, a novel oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, has been recently approved for the acute migraine treatment. While its efficacy was confirmed in randomized clinical trials, no data is available regarding real-life effectiveness and tolerability. GAINER, a prospective, multicentric study, aimed to evaluate rimegepant effectiveness and tolerability in the real-world setting.

Lower Circulating Gas6 Levels Are Associated with Bulbar Phenotype and Faster Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. While the exact cause of ALS is not fully understood, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute to its development. Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein, has been recognized to enhance oligodendrocytes and neurons' survival and is associated with different kinds of (neuro)inflammatory conditions.

High-resolution melting analysis for detection of nucleotide mutation markers in the polymerase-acidic (PA) gene of influenza virus that are associated with baloxavir marboxil resistance.

The I38T substitution in the influenza virus polymerase-acidic (PA) subunit is a resistance marker of concern for treatment with the antiviral baloxavir marboxil (BXM). Thus, monitoring PA/I38T mutations is of clinical importance. Here, we developed three rapid and sensitive assays for the detection and monitoring of the PA/I38T mutation.

Two FAM134B isoforms differentially regulate ER dynamics during myogenesis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plasticity and ER-phagy are intertwined processes essential for maintaining ER dynamics. We investigated the interplay between two isoforms of the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B in regulating ER remodeling in differentiating myoblasts. During myogenesis, the canonical FAM134B1 is degraded, while its isoform FAM134B2 is transcriptionally upregulated.

Respiratory Outcomes and Aspergillus Serology Following Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy in People with Cystic Fibrosis and a History of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection.

Purpose: The study evaluated the effects of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) therapy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and a clinical history of Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) infection.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included pwCF who initiated ETI therapy and had received antifungal treatment in the preceding five years due to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA group) or other AF-related clinical manifestations (AF group). A control group of pwCF with no prior respiratory cultures positive for AF was also included.

Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0.

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI.

Implementing recycling in the operating room: a single-center experience.

Background: Climate change poses significant challenges to global health, exacerbated by healthcare systems' carbon footprint and waste generation. Surgical activities contribute to these impacts, necessitating sustainable practices to mitigate environmental harm. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a recycling program in reducing waste, carbon emissions, and disposal costs in the operating rooms (ORs).

Effect of DLPFC rTMS on anhedonia and alpha asymmetry in depressed patients.

Anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, has been defined as the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. Considering the relevance of alpha asymmetry to MDD and anhedonia, we explored the effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation on frontal and posterior EEG alpha asymmetry (FAA and PAA, respectively), in this exploratory investigation. 61 participants randomly received sham (n = 11), bilateral (BS; n = 25), or unilateral stimulation (US; n = 25) of the DLPFC.

Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals.

As plant-based diets gain traction, interest in their impacts on the gut microbiome is growing. However, little is known about diet-pattern-specific metagenomic profiles across populations. Here we considered 21,561 individuals spanning 5 independent, multinational, human cohorts to map how differences in diet pattern (omnivore, vegetarian and vegan) are reflected in gut microbiomes.

Needle Scoring in Otoplasty: A Basic Technique for Improving Aesthetic Outcomes.

Background: Prominent ears are a prevalent aesthetic concern, with numerous surgical techniques utilized in otoplasty procedures, without a widely approved gold standard. Traditional methods often leave residual deformities, reducing patient satisfaction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series analysis involving 38 patients (30 Female, 8 Male) who underwent otoplasty to correct prominent ears for aesthetic purposes from January 2019 to December 2022.

Use of inpatient palliative care in metastatic testicular cancer patients undergoing critical care therapy: insights from the national inpatient sample.

To test for rates of inpatient palliative care (IPC) in metastatic testicular cancer patients receiving critical care therapy (CCT). Within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2008-2019), we tabulated IPC rates in metastatic testicular cancer patients receiving CCT, namely invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG), dialysis for acute kidney failure (AKF), total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or tracheostomy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models addressing IPC were fitted.

The circadian clock gene period regulates the composition and daily bacterial load of the gut microbiome in Drosophila melanogaster.

While Drosophila melanogaster serves as a crucial model for investigating both the circadian clock and gut microbiome, our understanding of their relationship in this organism is still limited. Recent analyses suggested that the Drosophila gut microbiome modulates the host circadian transcriptome to minimize rapid oscillations in response to changing environments. Here, we examined the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota in wild-type and arrhythmic per flies, under 12 h:12 h light: dark (12:12 LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions.

Rapid climate action is needed: comparing heat vs. COVID-19-related mortality.

The impacts of climate change on human health are often underestimated or perceived to be in a distant future. Here, we present the projected impacts of climate change in the context of COVID-19, a recent human health catastrophe. We compared projected heat mortality with COVID-19 deaths in 38 cities worldwide and found that in half of these cities, heat-related deaths could exceed annual COVID-19 deaths in less than ten years (at + 3.

Accurate Analysis of Spectrophotometric Data to Quantify the Photoswitching Performance of a Biomimetic / Light-Induced Molecular Switch.

Photoswitches are widely investigated molecules because upon exposure to selected light irradiation, they are able to undergo structural, and hence optical, changes. To fully exploit their responsiveness to irradiation, the quantum efficiency of the forward and back reactions is a fundamental parameter, whose accurate determination is critical. In this work, the spectral evolution of a biomimetic switch, which undergoes / photoinduced isomerization, is spectrophotometrically examined.

Adherence to perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin combination according to the administration strategy.

Aims: To compare adherence to perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin combination administrated as a polypill (one pill) vs separate tablets.

Methods: Using the healthcare utilization database of Lombardy (Italy), 1 110 patients who received the perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin polypill during 2019-2021 were matched with 1 110 patients prescribed the same combination in separate tablets or as two antihypertensive drugs in a single tablet and the lipid-lowering drug tablet separately. Adherence to treatment was assessed over the year after the first perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin dispensation as the proportion of the follow-up days covered by prescription (PDC).

Combination of clinical factors predicts successful glucocorticoid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): results from a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Glucocorticoid (GC) tapering and withdrawal to reduce damage represents a key aspect of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) SLE recommendations. However, optimal strategies for relapse-free GC cessation remain ill-defined. We characterised clinical predictors and their combined effect on flares in patients with SLE who discontinued GC.

Key elements for designing effective second victim support interventions: a focus group study in European clinical settings.

Background: The second victim (SV) experience limits the performance of health and care workers and places patients at risk. Peer support is recognised as the most effective, feasible and acceptable intervention to mitigate its impact.

Objective: To define a set of success factors when designing interventions to support SVs in health and care facilities based on expertise in different European countries.

Exploring fatigue in Marfan and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: an analytical cross-sectional study in two Italian healthcare centres.

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and underlying factors of fatigue in individuals with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (hEDS), highlighting the necessity for focused research on this symptom within these patient populations.

Design: Cross-sectional, multicentre study.

Setting: Data were collected from participants diagnosed with MFS or hEDS across multiple healthcare centres.

Upgrading your best chances: postdiagnosis smoking cessation boosts life expectancy of patients with cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundTobacco use is linked to increased cancer risk, and people who smoke represent a large proportion of newly diagnosed patients with cancer. The fact that smoking cessation at the time of diagnosis can improve the patient's life expectancy is still not broadly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the survival benefits obtainable by quitting smoking on diagnosis.

Differential impact of cervical cancer in immigrant women: a decade-long epidemiological study in the Marche Region, Italy.

Background: Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, with significant disparities observed in its burden, especially affecting immigrant populations from high HPV prevalence regions. This study evaluates the incidence and severity of cervical cancer in immigrant women in the Marche region, Italy, from 2010 to 2019.

Methods: We employed a detailed analysis of population-based data from the Marche Cancer Registry using the age-standardised incidence rates (IRs) and Poisson regression models for in situ cervical cancer (ISCC) and infiltrating cervical cancer (ICC).

Is Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy the Best Option for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) remains a challenge in spinal surgery. This systematic review analyzes the use of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TFED) for the treatment of rLDH.

Methods: A comprehensive search of 4 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane, was conducted.