Comparative efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy combination regimens in the frontline setting for NSCLC based on reconstructed patient data.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of metastatic NSCLC and have become standard first-line therapy both as monotherapy, for patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%, and in combination with chemotherapy (CT), regardless of PD-L1 expression. This study used an artificial intelligence technique, the IPDfromKM method, to reconstruct individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier curves of phase III randomised clinical trial results to provide a comparative overview of different first-line chemo-immunotherapy options. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using hazard ratios and restricted mean survival time (RMST).

Studying the Outcomes in Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation Treated with Valve Repair or Valve Replacement: Interpreting the Survival Pattern on The Long Term by Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods.

Background: The reconstruction of individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves is a new technique (often denoted as the IPDfromKM method) for studying efficacy in cases where multiple trials are available, and the endpoint is long-term mortality. In patients with tricuspid regurgitation, both valve repair and valve replacement have been proposed to improve prognosis; 6 controlled clinical trials (CTs) have been conducted to compare the two therapeutic options mentioned above. The objective of our analysis was to study these six trials through the application of the IPDfromKM method.

A Head-to-Head Comparison of the First-Line Treatments for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: Is There Still a Role for Chemotherapy?

Background: Patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer have been conventionally treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Recently, numerous new treatments have been proposed to improve overall survival (OS) and reduce adverse effects, but no direct head-to-head comparisons among these agents are available.

Methods: The treatments evaluated in our analyses included (a) monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI); (b) combinations of an ICI with chemotherapy; and (c) combinations of an ICI with other drugs.

Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors vs. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors/Everolimus in Adjuvant Renal Cell Carcinoma: Indirect Comparison of Disease-Free Survival.

Background: The proven efficacy of mTOR inhibitors (mTORIs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) suggests that these agents should be investigated as adjuvant therapy with the aim of eliminating undetectable microscopic residual disease after curative resection. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of these treatments using an innovative method of reconstructing individual patient data.

Methods: Nine phase III trials describing adjuvant RCC treatments were selected.

Progression-Free and Overall Survival of First-Line Treatments for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Indirect Comparison of Six Combination Regimens.

Background: Recently, numerous combination therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have been proposed as first-line treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of these combination regimens by the application of an innovative method that reconstructs individual patient data.

Methods: Six phase III studies describing different combination regimens for aRCC were selected.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors as first line in advanced melanoma: Evaluating progression-free survival based on reconstructed individual patient data.

Background: In patients with advanced melanoma, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent the mainstay for first line treatment. Recently, relatlimab+nivolumab was proposed as a new combination therapy. This review was aimed at summarizing the current data of effectiveness for ICIs.

The QOSMOS Study: Pharmacist-Led Multicentered Observational Study on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis.

Health-related quality of life is frequently included in patient-reported outcomes aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis, but recent data about Italian patients are missing. A multicenter observational and cross-sectional study was performed by students of hospital pharmacy to update existing data on quality of life and to correlate it with the pharmacological and medical history of patients. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the MS-QoL54 questionnaire, and the pharmacist collected patients' characteristics, medical and pharmacological history, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).