Is prematurity a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip? : a prospective study.

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate prematurity as a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The hips of 221 infants (88 female, 133 male, mean age 31.11 weeks; standard deviation (sd) 2.

Sirenomelia: a review of embryogenic theories and discussion of the differences from caudal regression syndrome.

Objective: To discuss the pathological features of sirenomelia in the light of our 10 cases and review the current theories.

Methods: We identified 10 patients with sirenomelia from our hospital database. All clinical details and the autopsy features of 10 cases were noted.

Effects of antenatal magnesium exposure on intestinal blood flow and outcome in preterm neonates.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate on intestinal blood flow in preterm neonates.

Study Design: In this prospective case-match study, 25 preterm neonates exposed to magnesium sulfate antenatally were included (study group). Overall, 25 gestational age-matched neonates who had no exposure to magnesium constituted the control group.

Does being born small-for-gestational-age affect cerebellar size in neonates?

Objective: To investigate how cerebellar vermis height (CVH) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) measurements are affected in SGA neonates.

Methods: A total of 176 [88 SGA and 88 appropriate for gestational age (AGA)] neonates between 26 and 42 weeks of gestation were included. Midsagittal plane through the anterior fontanel and coronal plane through the left mastoid fontanel were used to measure CVH and TCD, respectively.

Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of lymphangiomas and its relationship with fetal chromosomal abnormalities.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate ultrasound findings and perinatal outcome after prenatal diagnosis of lymphangioma.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. We searched the archives of our ultrasound database at our center for cases with the prenatal diagnosis of the lymphangioma in the period between January 2008 and November 2014.

Testicular cavernous hemangioma presenting as an ipsilateral lesion in a child with multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Childhood malignant testicle tumors are very rare. In the literature to date, it has been reported that there are only 24 cavernous hemangioma cases existing in English literature. In this study, we discuss a testicular mass case which was diagnosed as cavernous hemangioma.

Oral versus intravenous paracetamol: which is better in closure of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants?

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of oral and intravenous paracetamol for closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Methods: Eighteen VLBW infants with HSPDA treated with either intravenous (n = 10) or oral (n = 8) paracetamol at 60 mg/kg/d for three consecutive days were analysed retrospectively. Ductal closure rate and evaluation of liver function tests were the major outcomes.

Nomogram-based evaluation of thyroid function in appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates in intensive care unit.

Objective: The objective of this study was to help neonatologists to interpret the thyroid hormone results accurately, and also to provide reference ranges and/or nomograms of FT4 (free thyroxine) and thyrotropin against gestational age at postnatal 1 week and 1 month in order to assess thyroid function in AGA (appropriate for gestational age) neonates in intensive care unit.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study. We included a total number of 515 AGA neonates between 24 and 42 weeks of gestation.

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic activity and middle cerebral artery Doppler flow measurements in preterm small for gestational age infants.

Amplitude-integrated encephalography (EEG) is frequently used in neonatal intensive care units to monitor brain functions. Its bedside application and easy interpretation are the most important features. Brain development of small for gestational age infants can be affected by intrauterine chronic hypoxia.

Effect of laser photocoagulation on plasma levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, and Tie2 in infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To report the baseline plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) and soluble Tie2 in infants with treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to investigate the effect of laser treatment on the plasma levels.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from infants with prethreshold type 1 ROP before, 1 day after, and 1 week after confluent laser photocoagulation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure was used to determine plasma VEGF-A, sVEGFR-2, and sTie2 levels.

Laparoscopic sacral uteropexy with cravat technique--experience and results.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a ″Cravat″ technique for the management of uterine prolapse in patients who want to preserve uterus, involving suspension of the uterus from the sacral promontory by using polypropylene mesh.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study between January 2011 and September 2013 was conducted. Prior to surgery, prolapse assessment was undertaken with Baden-Walker halfway system to grade the degree of prolapse at all sites.

A new risk factor for neonatal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation: bacterial probiotics.

Objective: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonisation can be controlled with strict adherence to infection control measures. We describe a VRE outbreak coincident with bacterial probiotic trial. Relationship between probiotic and VRE colonisation, and other possible risk factors were investigated.

Clinico-pathological significance of extra-nodal spread in special types of breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the significance of extra-nodal spread in special histological sub-types of breast cancer and the relationship of such spread with prognostic parameters.

Methods: A total of 303 breast cancer cases were classified according to tumor type, and each tumor group was subdivided according to age, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, extra-nodal spread, vein invasion in the adjacent soft tissue, distant metastasis, and immunohistochemical characteristics [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) existence, p53, c-erbB-2, and proliferative rate (Ki-67)]. The 122 cases with extra-nodal spread were clinically followed up.

Single center experience in patients with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Objective: To determine the clinical features, long-term outcomes, and additional urological anomalies of patients treated for multicystic dysplastic kidney (MDK).

Materials And Methods: Patients with MDK who were followed between January 2004 and October 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were evaluated.

A case report: angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in a 6-year-old male and review of the literature.

Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma (AFH) is a distinctive tumor in children, adolescent and young adults which is slow growing with metastatic potential. The histogenesis of AFH is uncertain. Here, we present a case of AFH of 6-year-old on the trunk.

Effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment on cerebral blood flow velocities in preterm neonates.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocities in preterm neonates.

Study Design: In this prospective case-control study, we included 53 neonates born between 26 and 34 weeks of gestation. Twenty neonates were exposed to MgSO4 antenatally and 33 were not.

Whole-exome sequencing links TMCO1 defect syndrome with cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia.

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a type of disruptive technology that has tremendous influence on human and clinical genetics research. An efficient and cost-effective method, WES is now widely used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the molecular basis of genetic syndromes that are often challenging to diagnose. Here we report a patient with a clinical diagnosis of cerebro-facio-thoracic dysplasia (CFTD; MIM#213980) in whom we identified a homozygous splice-site mutation in the transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) gene using WES.

Hepatitis B seroprevalence in children and women and the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination program in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children and females in the middle Black Sea Region of Turkey and to assess the impact of the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination program started in 1998.

Methodology: The laboratory records of 12,057 patients who attended the Samsun Maternity and Children's Hospital between January 2007 and November 2009 were evaluated retrospectively. In this period, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), was studied from serum samples using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method.

Nomograms of cerebellar vermis height and transverse cerebellar diameter in appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates.

Background: Evaluation of cerebellar morphology and measurement of its biometric parameters such as cerebellar vermis height and transverse cerebellar diameter may assist the neonatologist in monitoring cerebellar growth and development and detect abnormalities resulting from malformations, hemorrhage or ischemic infarction.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish nomograms of cerebellar vermis height and transverse cerebellar diameter at birth in appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates by using cranial ultrasonography.

Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study.

Liver abscess: increasing occurrence in premature newborns.

Neonatal liver abscess is a very rare condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. There seems to be an increasing trend of this rare condition amongst the newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units. We report a case of liver abscess in a premature newborn and briefly review the literature and discuss its management.

Spectrum of etiologies causing hydrometrocolpos.

Background: Hydrometrocolpos (HMC) develops as a result of vaginal outflow obstruction and the accumulation of secretions. It might be secondary to persistent cloaca, urogenital sinus, some syndromes, presence of the vaginal septum, vaginal atresia, and imperforate hymen. Each of them has different treatment options and follow-up protocols.

Use of cefoperazone/sulbactam in neonates.

Background: Neonates are at high risk for nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. The use of β-lactamase inhibitors in combination with β-lactam antibiotics broadens the antimicrobial spectrum. Cefoperazone/sulbactam is used in children but there are limited data on its usage in neonates.

Alpha1-acid glycoprotein for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1AG) in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Design: The study was prospectively conducted among newborns hospitalized for 'rule out sepsis' to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Setting And Subjects: A total of 97 children [16 with confirmed sepsis (Group I), 34 with clinical sepsis (Group II), and 47 in control group (Group III)] were enrolled in the study.