Examination of the effect of treatment of severe early childhood caries and fluoride varnish applications on salivary oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants.

Background: Saliva contains a variety of biochemical compounds, including antioxidants, and serves as the body's first line of defense against oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dental treatments on salivary oxidative stress biomarkers in children aged 3-5 years with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) compared to children without caries.

Method: This study was conducted on 20 children aged 3-5 years with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and 20 children without caries.

Effects of immune modulatory treatment on language and psychiatric profile in patients with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES).

Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is an electrographic pattern associated with cognitive impairment. Our study aimed to prospectively evaluate the psychiatric findings and language skills in patients diagnosed with ESES and to determine the immune modulatory treatment-responsive subgroups. We assessed the patients for psychiatric features and language skills at the baseline and 12 months after.

Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in the management of chronic GVHD.

Objectives: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematological diseases, with success rates improving due to advancements in conditioning regimens and new anti-graft versus host disease (GVHD) drugs. Ruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor has been used to mitigate the effects of various inflammatory and myeloproliferative syndromes, given the JAK kinase pathway's central role in cytokine signaling during inflammatory and immune processes. In this study we aimed to assess ruxolitinib's efficacy in patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD).

Comparison of Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Mycosis Fungoides Patients in Terms of Clinical Features and Prognosis in a Large Series.

Background: Studies comparing the clinical and prognostic differences between pediatric- and adult-onset mycosis fungoides (MF) are limited.

Objectives: To determine the impact of childhood-onset MF on clinical features and disease course in a large series.

Methods: Consecutive MF patients seen in a single centre between 2007 and 2021 were categorized into 3 groups: (i) MF patients diagnosed in the pediatric ages (≤18 years) (pediatric group), (ii) MF patients with disease onset in the pediatric period and diagnosis in adulthood (lately diagnosed pediatric-onset group), and (iii) MF patients with disease onset in the adulthood period (>18 years) (adult-onset group).

The effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed for infertility on premature ejaculation.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of varicocelectomy on premature ejaculation (PE) in patients with varicocele and infertility.

Methods: A total of 82 sexually active patients aged 18 years or over who had undergone microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy with a clinical diagnosis of varicocele in 14 urology clinics between October 2021 and March 2023 with primary infertility were evaluated prospectively Patients were evaluated using the Turkish validated form of the 'Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool' (PEDT) scale. A PEDT score of 11 or above was taken to indicate the presence of PE.

The impact of pathogen sensitivity to antibiotics loaded in cement on the number of revisions and costs in the treatment of periprosthetic knee infection.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pathogen's sensitivity to the loaded antibiotics on infection resolution, the number of revisions, and the associated costs in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) due to PJI.

Material And Methods: We reviewed the treatment and follow-up processes of 61 patients who underwent rTKA for late-stage PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty in our clinic. The study included 11 patients in the resistant group and 50 in the sensitive group in line with the power analysis results.

Results of carotid stenting in patients with contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion: a retrospective single-center analysis and 22 years of experience.

Purpose: Patients with contralateral carotid artery occlusion (CCO) represent a subgroup of patients at risk for revascularization procedures. The choice of appropriate revascularization procedure (carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS)) in these patients is controversial. The aim of this study is to share the results of clinical and radiological follow-up after CAS in these patients and to contribute to the literature by evaluating the efficacy and safety of stenting.

De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.

The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highly successful in recent decades. It is now widely accepted that early initiation of DMTs after disease onset is associated with a better long-term prognosis. However, the question of when and how to de-escalate or discontinue DMTs remains open and critical.

Antiproliferative effects of hazelnut cell culture extract on the different cancer cell lines.

The increasing incidence of cancer has necessitated the discovery of novel anticancer compound sources. The presence of taxanes in hazelnut cell cultures has promoted new promising pharmacotherapeutic applications. The antiproliferative properties of hazelnut (Corylus avellana cv.

Ethical implications of AI-driven clinical decision support systems on healthcare resource allocation: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives.

Background: Artificial intelligence-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems (AI-CDSS) are increasingly being integrated into healthcare for various purposes, including resource allocation. While these systems promise improved efficiency and decision-making, they also raise significant ethical concerns. This study aims to explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on the ethical implications of using AI-CDSS for healthcare resource allocation.

Mid-term angiographic evaluation of LIMA-LAD anastomoses following LAD endarterectomy in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: Diffuse coronary artery disease remains a critical issue that heart surgeons continue to research in terms of treatment options. An alternative method applied during coronary bypass surgery to achieve complete revascularization is coronary artery endarterectomy. Since the reliability of this technique and its effects on mortality and morbidity are still debated in the literature.

Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation varies widely among women, and could impact the probability of live birth as well as treatment risks. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different gonadotropin starting doses, mainly based on predictive variables like ovarian reserve tests (ORT) including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH). A Cochrane systematic review revealed that individualizing the gonadotropin starting dose does not affect efficacy in terms of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, but may reduce treatment risks such as the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

European recommendations from health care professionals and people living with obesity on safe practice for bariatric and metabolic surgery medical tourism: a modified delphi consensus statement from EASO, IFSO-EC and ECPO.

Background: Bariatric and metabolic surgery tourism (BMT) is becoming an increasingly popular route to treatment for patients living with obesity. Recent reports have highlighted that some patients travelling abroad for bariatric surgery have received inadequate care, fraudulent care, and, tragically, some cases have resulted in death. This study aimed to define consensus in Europe regarding safe practices concerning BMT.

Evaluation of vascular peroxidase 1, humanin, MOTS-c and miR-200c expression levels in untreated preeclampsia patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of Vascular Peroxidase 1 (VPO1), humanin, and MOTS-c in relation to miR-200c expression in untreated preeclamptic pregnancies, and to compare these findings with endoglin levels.

Methods And Results: In this study, blood samples were collected from preeclamptic patients presenting to the clinic prior to the initiation of treatment. The levels of endoglin, VPO1, humanin, and MOTS-c were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while miR-200c expression was quantified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Pelvic inlet closure with bladder peritoneal flap reduces postoperative ileus after abdominoperineal resection.

Background: Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is the standard treatment for locally advanced distal rectal cancer (LADRC) following neoadjuvant treatment when sphincter-preserving procedures are inapplicable. However, complications such as perineal site infection, perineal hernia and postoperative ileus remain ongoing challenges. We aimed to compare the rate of postoperative ileus due to pelvic incarceration in APR patients with/without pelvic inlet closure.

The effectiveness of endoscopic sclerotherapy in the treatment of esophageal varices in children with prehepatic portal hypertension.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) in the treatment of esophagogastric varices in cases of extrahepatic portal hypertension (EHPH) secondary to portal vein thrombosis.

Materials And Methods: Records of cases that underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophagogastric varices between 1990 and 2022 in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. The age, gender, symptomatology, etiology, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of the patients, as well as treatment outcomes, were evaluated.

Exploring the anti‑inflammatory activity of boron compounds through the miR‑21/PTEN/AKT pathway in cecal ligation and puncture‑induced sepsis.

The present study investigated the impact of boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) on markers of inflammation and modifications in miR‑21/PTEN/AKT pathway genes in the liver and kidney tissues of Sprague Dawley male rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). A total of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each containing 10 animals as follows: Control, CLP (where the model was created), 20 mg/kg BX (CLP + BX1), 40 mg/kg BX (CLP + BX2), 20 mg/kg BA (CLP + BA1) and 40 mg/kg BA (CLP + BA2). Liver and kidney tissues were analyzed for histopathological changes, immunopositivity for tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑10, and gene expression of microRNA‑21 (miR‑21), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and AKT.

Examination of Risk Factors Affecting the Development of BSI and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU): A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Various studies have shown that the incidence of BSI is greater in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Aims: Our study aimed to determine the risk factors for BSI, mortality rates, and factors affecting mortality in adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU.

Methods: All COVID-19 patients who met the study criteria and stayed in intensive care for more than 2 days at a tertiary university hospital during the two-year pandemic period were included in the study.

The in vitro synergistic and antibiofilm activity of Ceftazidime/avibactam against Achromobacter species recovered from respiratory samples of cystic fibrosis patients.

Purpose: Achromobacter spp. may form biofilm in patients' respiratory tracts and cause serious infections. This research examined the bactericidal and synergistic effects of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) alone and in combination with different antibiotics against Achromobacter spp.

Randomized controlled trials - The what, when, how and why.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are at the top of the pyramid of evidence as they offer the best answer on the efficacy of a new treatment. RCTs are true experiments in which participants are randomly allocated to receive a certain intervention (experimental group) or a different intervention (comparison group), or no treatment at all (control or placebo group). Randomization, along with other methodological features such as blinding and allocation concealment, safeguard against biases.

Diagnostic Characteristics and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Hypermetabolic Breast Lesions Detected on F-FDG PET-CT: A Retrospective Evaluation.

Rationale And Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate demographic and radiological characteristics of breast incidentalomas found on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (F-FDG PET-CT) performed for extramammary indications.

Materials And Methods: A total of 12633 F-FDG PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Breast incidentalomas that had undergone breast imaging, tissue diagnosis, or at least 2-year radiological follow-up were included.

What should be the optimal dose of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for GVHD prophylaxis in allogeneic stem cell transplantation?

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the engraftment days, graft versus host disease (GVHD) development, relapse and overall survival (OS) rates in patients using variable intensity conditioning regimens with two different post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) doses for hematological malignancies.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 patients who have had PTCy at a dose of 25 mg/kg × 2 and 50 mg/kg × 2 between 2018 and 2024. Patients were divided in 2 groups; PTCy dose with 25 mg/kg × 2 (Group 1, n = 45) and PTCy dose with 50 mg/kg × 2 (Group 2, n = 117).

The Effect of Reflexology Socks in the Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Constipation is an important symptom that is common in patients using opioids and leads to major health problems among patients. Reflexology is one of the approaches utilized to manage constipation.

Objective: To examine the effect of reflexology socks on constipation in patients with opioid-induced constipation.

Choosing a pediatric surgery career: affecting factors and status assessment.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing career choices in pediatric surgery with a focus on gender and generational differences in Türkiye.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. A questionnaire, consisting of 42 questions was developed and distributed to pediatric surgeons via email and other digital platforms.