Mapping quantitative trait loci regions associated with Marek's disease on chicken autosomes by means of selective DNA pooling.

Marek's Disease (MD), which can result in neurological damage and tumour formation, has large effects on the economy and animal welfare of the poultry industry worldwide. Previously, we mapped autosomal MD QTL regions (QTLRs) by individual genotyping of an F population from a full-sib advanced intercross line. We further mapped MD QTLRs on the chicken Z chromosome (GGZ) using the same F population, and by selective DNA pooling (SDP) of 8 elite egg production lines.

Accurate calculation of the content volume, density and original weight of museum curated eggs.

Worldwide museums hold collections of eggshells representing material for descriptive studies. However, an obstacle to this is the lack of information about the original contents and weight of the entire egg (W). This study aimed to fill this gap though development of a methodological mechanism for calculating the volume of the egg interior (V), its density (D) and W.

Age-dependent regulation of axoglial interactions and behavior by oligodendrocyte AnkyrinG.

The bipolar disorder (BD) risk gene ANK3 encodes the scaffolding protein AnkyrinG (AnkG). In neurons, AnkG regulates polarity and ion channel clustering at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier. Disruption of neuronal AnkG causes BD-like phenotypes in mice.

AI allows pre-screening of FGFR3 mutational status using routine histology slides of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Pathogenic activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) drive disease maintenance and progression in urothelial cancer. 10-15% of muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer (MIBC/mUC) are FGFR3-mutant. Selective targeting of FGFR3 hotspot mutations with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.

SEAD reference panel with 22,134 haplotypes boosts rare variant imputation and genome-wide association analysis in Asian populations.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies in Asian populations result in a lack of representative reference panels, thus hindering the discovery of ancestry-specific variants. Here, we present the South and East Asian reference Database (SEAD) panel ( https://imputationserver.westlake.

Deep neural networks and humans both benefit from compositional language structure.

Deep neural networks drive the success of natural language processing. A fundamental property of language is its compositional structure, allowing humans to systematically produce forms for new meanings. For humans, languages with more compositional and transparent structures are typically easier to learn than those with opaque and irregular structures.

Metamaterial-based injection molding for the cost-effective production of whole cuts.

The escalating global demand for meat products has intensified ecological concerns, underscoring the need for sustainable meat alternatives. Although current methods effectively imitate ground meat, mimicking whole cuts, which constitute 54% of the global market, remains challenging due to the lack of scalable technology. Injection molding is a massively scalable manufacturing technology developed for the polymer industry.

modelRxiv: A Platform for the Dissemination and Interactive Display of Models.

Modelling the dynamics of biological processes is ubiquitous across the ecological and evolutionary disciplines. However, the increasing complexity of these models poses a challenge to the dissemination of model-derived results. Often only a small subset of model results are made available to the scientific community, with further exploration of the parameter space relying on local deployment of code supplied by the authors.

Three Decades of Outpatient Plastic Surgery Safety: A Review of 42,720 Consecutive Cases.

Background: Outpatient plastic surgery offers cost-effective solutions and enhanced privacy but demands careful patient assessment for suitability and vigilant anticipation of adverse events. This study provides recommendations to enhance patient safety in outpatient settings by analyzing over 40,000 consecutive cases spanning across three decades.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive cases completed by board-certified plastic surgeons at an accredited outpatient surgical center between 1995-2023.

Residues R177 and S178 of the human Na/H antiporter NHA2 are involved in its inhibition by the flavonoid phloretin.

The Homo sapiens Na/H antiporter NHA2 (SLC9B2) transports Na or Li in exchange for protons across cell membranes, and its dysfunction results in various pathologies. The activity of HsNHA2 is specifically inhibited by the flavonoid phloretin. Using bioinformatic modeling, we predicted two amino acids (R177 and S178) as being important for the binding of phloretin to the HsNHA2 molecule.

microT-CNN: an avant-garde deep convolutional neural network unravels functional miRNA targets beyond canonical sites.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are central post-transcriptional gene expression regulators in healthy and diseased states. Despite decades of effort, deciphering miRNA targets remains challenging, leading to an incomplete miRNA interactome and partially elucidated miRNA functions. Here, we introduce microT-CNN, an avant-garde deep convolutional neural network model that moves the needle by integrating hundreds of tissue-matched (in-)direct experiments from 26 distinct cell types, corresponding to a unique training and evaluation set of >60 000 miRNA binding events and ~30 000 unique miRNA-gene target pairs.

Infants born during COVID-19 pandemic experience increased susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness.

Background: Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy are type 2 inflammation diseases. Since the 1960s, the prevalence of those diseases has steadily increased, presumably due to the "Hygiene hypothesis" which suggests that early exposure of infants to pathogens, siblings, and environmental dust, has a protective effect against the development of allergic diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic increased environmental hygiene due to lockdowns, masks, and social distancing.

Fear of hypoglycemia and sleep in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

Aims: To compare impact of pump treatment and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with predictive low glucose suspend (SmartGuard) or user initiated CGM (iscCGM) on sleep and hypoglycemia fear in children with type 1 Diabetes and parents.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 5 weeks pump treatment with iscCGM (A) or SmartGuard (B) open label, single center, randomized cross-over study was performed. At baseline and end of treatment arms, sleep and fear of hypoglycemia were evaluated using ActiGraph and questionnaires.

Intrinsic motivation and challenges of road safety volunteers: the interplay of educational role, coping strategies, resilience, and social impact.

Road safety is a critical concern worldwide, impacting individuals, communities, and societies. As mobility increases, so does the risk of accidents and injuries on roads, emphasizing the need for preventive measures. Road safety volunteers contribute significantly to promoting and maintaining road safety, making it important to understand their motivations and resilience sources.

An artificial intelligence application to predict prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation among patients with critical orthopaedic trauma: an establishment and validation study.

Background: Prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation is a common occurrence in clinical ICU patients and presents significant challenges for patient care and resource allocation. Predicting prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation is crucial for improving patient outcomes, preventing ventilator-associated complications, and guiding targeted clinical interventions. However, specific tools for predicting prolonged mechanical ventilation among ICU patients, particularly those with critical orthopaedic trauma, are currently lacking.

Predictive modeling to evaluate long-term treatment effectiveness of darvadstrocel in patients with complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease.

Background: Current therapies for complex Crohn's perianal fistulas (CPF) have a limited ability to achieve long-term healing. Darvadstrocel (DVS) is an expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy that has demonstrated efficacy in treating complex CPF in clinical trials. There are, however, limited long-term comparative data with standard of care (SoC).

Deciphering bacterial protein functions with innovative computational methods.

Bacteria colonize every niche on Earth and play key roles in many environmental and host-associated processes. The sequencing revolution revealed the remarkable bacterial genetic and proteomic diversity and the genomic content of cultured and uncultured bacteria. However, deciphering functions of novel proteins remains a high barrier, often preventing the deep understanding of microbial life and its interaction with the surrounding environment.

The Spatial Ventricular Gradient Is Associated with Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is a frequent complication of right ventricular pacing that often requires re-operation for biventricular or conduction system pacing. Better methods for predicting PICM may inform initial pacing strategy and follow-up monitoring.

Objective: To determine if the spatial ventricular gradient (SVG), a vectorcardiographic marker of ventricular electrical and mechanical heterogeneity, is associated with subsequent development of PICM.

AZR-MD-001 0.5% selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment for the treatment of contact lens discomfort: A vehicle-controlled, randomized, clinical trial.

Background: Contact lens discomfort (CLD) is a common problem for CL wearers, and patients with CLD often have changes in meibomian gland function and structure. In a Phase 2 trial AZR-MD-001 0.5% (AZR) ophthalmic ointment improved meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in non-lens wearers.

Assessment of peri- and post-operative outcomes following apical prolapse repair in octogenarians: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To assess the risk of postoperative complications and unanticipated healthcare encounters in octogenarians compared to younger patients following apical prolapse repair.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Settings: University-affiliated academic tertiary hospital center.

Fiber optic laryngoscopy findings in pediatric burn patients referred to the pediatric emergency department.

Introduction: Facial burn injuries can compromise the airways in pediatric patients. Because prompt assessment of airway safety is a must, most assessment algorithms rely mainly on clinical judgment. There is little data on the value or utility of Fiber Optic Laryngoscopy (FOL) as an ancillary test.

Antisemitism in Medicine: An International Perspective.

Throughout history, Jewish people have long been recognized for their achievements in the world of medical science. For example, prior to the Holocaust, many outstanding physicians in Germany were Jewish. However, even in the 1930s, refugee European Jewish doctors faced significant barriers when they tried to escape and practice elsewhere because of long-standing prejudices and anti-Jewish quotas in medical schools and hospitals around the world.

Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Lipid Nanoparticles Elicits Therapeutic Genome Editing in Head and Neck Cancer.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) originate in the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Current treatments of locally advanced HNSCC often lead to high treatment failure, and disease recurrence, resulting in poor survival rates. Advances in mRNA technologies and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems led to several clinical trials involving LNP-CRISPR-Cas9 mRNA-based therapeutics.

Gastrointestinal Perforations Associated With JAK Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: Gastrointestinal perforations have been reported in a small number of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in clinical trials. However, large-scale postmarketing data repositories are needed to further investigate this potentially rare but serious adverse event.

Methods: A retrospective, pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (July 2014 to September 2023) assessing the reporting of gastrointestinal perforations following JAK inhibitors compared to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA patients.