How urban proximity shapes agricultural pest dynamics: a review.

Agricultural landscapes adjacent to human settlements are subject to unique ecological dynamics that influence pest populations, yet the complexity of these relationships remains relatively underexplored. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the impacts of urban proximity on agricultural plant pathogen pest dynamics, focusing on spatial distribution patterns, theoretical frameworks from landscape ecology, and the specific mechanisms driving these interactions. The urban heat island effect, habitat fragmentation, and human activities contribute to altered microclimates, reduced natural predator populations, and increased pest proliferation near settlements.

The biomechanical effect of the O-A angle on the aortic valve under left ventricular assist device support: a primary fluid-structure interaction study.

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for heart failure, however, aortic regurgitation is a common complication in patients with LVAD support. And the O-A angle (the angle between LVAD outflow graft and the aorta) is considered as a vital factor associated with the function of aortic valve. To date, the biomechanical effect of the O-A angle on the aortic valve remains largely unknown.

Leveraging RIBOTAC technology: Fluorescent RNase L probes for live-cell imaging and function analysis.

RNA-targeting small molecules, particularly RIBOnuclease TArgeting Chimeras (RIBOTACs), represent a powerful and promising therapeutic approach by selectively degrading RNAs through ribonuclease (RNase) recruitment. Despite their potential, the development of effective RNase recruitment tools is still in its early stages and remains a critical area of research. Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is a key ribonuclease targeted by RIBOTACs, yet the tools available for studying RNase L are limited.

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity prediction of sugar substitutes: an approach with compound-gene interactions network.

Sugar substitutes are mostly artificial, man-made industrial products used as additives in food and beverages. Most of these substances flow through the digestive tract and food chains, becoming emerging organic contaminants in various abiotic and biotic environmental media. Here, we predict the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of commonly used sugar substitutes using in silico based methods.

Prediction of Current and Future Distributions of (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Under Climate Change Scenarios.

The consequences of climate change, accelerated by anthropogenic activities, have different effects on different ecosystems, and the severity of these effects is predicted to increase in the near future. The number of studies investigating how forest ecosystems respond to these changes is increasing. However, there remains a significant gap in research concerning how saproxylic organisms-one of the key contributors to the healthy functioning of these fragile ecosystems-will respond to the consequences of climate change.

Biomolecule screen identifies several inhibitors of surface colonization.

is a foodborne pathogen commonly found in agricultural facilities; its prevalence, as well as increasing levels of disinfectant- and antibiotic-resistance, has significant costs for agriculture as well as human health. In an effort to identify potential new inhibitors of on abiotic surfaces, we developed a biomolecule screen of nutrient-type compounds because nutrients would have lower toxicity in animal facilities and bacterial nutrient utilization pathways might prove less susceptible to the development of bacterial resistance. After screening 285 nutrient-type compounds, we identified ten that significantly inhibited the ability of to colonize a plastic surface.

Improving the Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Genetically Confirmed Adult-Onset Huntington Disease: Considering Nonmotor Presentations.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. Given the focus on motor manifestations, nonmotor symptoms are frequently underappreciated in clinical evaluations, despite frequently contributing to primary functional impairment.

Recent Findings: A diagnosis of motor-onset as the definition of manifest symptoms misrepresents the complex nature of HD presentation.

National Trends in Stroke Presentation, Treatments, and Outcomes During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background And Objectives: Early presentation and acute treatment for patients presenting with ischemic stroke are associated with improved outcomes. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a large decrease in patients presenting with ischemic stroke, but it is unknown whether these changes persisted.

Methods: This study analyzed emergency department (ED) stroke presentations (n = 158,060) to all nonfederal hospitals in the 50 states and Washington, D.

Examining psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy: a comparative study between the US and Israel.

It is important to identify psychological correlates of vaccine hesitancy, including among people not from the United States (U.S.).

Dietary diversity and its associated factors among school children in conflict affected communities of southern Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, more than 815 million estimated people worldwide suffer from malnutrition or are unable to access enough food due to malnutrition. Conflict remains the single most fundamental factor contributing to chronic malnutrition in the conflict-affected areas. Developing a healthy and balanced dietary pattern is essential for school children because their habits in this period may last longer.

The Role of Feedback Training on Early Postoperative Recovery and Anxiety Scores in an Ambulatory Surgical Unit: A Secular Trend Study.

Background: We used a ten-item postoperative quality of recovery score (QoR-10) to assess the perioperative quality of care in an in-hospital ambulatory surgical unit.

Methods: In Phase 1 of this secular trend study (n=300 patients, 3-months duration), we collected QoR-10 scores and potential confounders, including type of anesthesia and surgery; co-morbidities; and anesthesia components of the Amsterdam scale-measured anxiety scores. Phase 2 was the one-month performance feedback learning phase in which modifiable variables identified in Phase 1 were translated to actionable steps, reinforcing the already existing routine of our department's clinical practices, including pain, shivering and anxiety.

Association between oral feeding versus enteral feeding and cerumen impaction in older hospitalized adults: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chewing involves jaw movements that propel cerumen along the ear canal. This mechanism may be reduced in dysphagia, especially for older individuals who are enterally fed. Those patients may be at a higher risk for cerumen impaction and may require longer hospital stays.

Different paths to multilingualism in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Naturalistic and non-interactive.

This study is one of the few research efforts investigating unexpected non-interactive foreign language acquisition in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Participants included 46 English-Hebrew-speaking children (ages 4;10 to 12;0): 14 autistic children who acquired English via non-interactive input (ASD-NI); 12 autistic children (ASD-Nat), and 20 non-autistic children with typical language development (TLD-Nat) who acquired English and Hebrew naturalistically. Morpho-syntactic abilities were assessed using Sentence Repetition tasks in both languages.

Automatic Vertical Root Fracture Detection on Intraoral Periapical Radiographs With Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Enhancement.

Background/aim: To explore transfer learning (TL) techniques for enhancing vertical root fracture (VRF) diagnosis accuracy and to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on image enhancement for VRF detection on both extracted teeth images and intraoral images taken from patients.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 378 intraoral periapical radiographs comprising 195 teeth with fractures and 183 teeth without fractures serving as controls was included. DenseNet, ConvNext, Inception121, and MobileNetV2 were employed with model fusion.

The Association Between Myasthenia Gravis and Higher Extrathymic Cancer Risk.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is strongly associated with thymic tumors, but whether it is also associated with extrathymic cancers is debatable or whether MG can be considered a paraneoplastic disorder for extrathymic cancers.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the MG cohort for 23 years' time (January 2000 to May 2023), extracting cancer rates with clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical cancer associations and the effect of chronic medications.

Results: We identified 436 patients with MG and 3924 controls.

Living Microneedles for Intradermal Delivery of Beneficial Bacteria.

The skin, our first line of defense against external threats, combines a physical barrier and a rich microbial community. Disruptions of this community, for example, due to infectious injury, have been linked to a decrease in bacteria diversity and to mild to severe pathological conditions. Although some progress has been made in the field, possibilities/procedures for restoring the skin microbiome are still far from ideal.

Neratinib Efficacy in Patients With EGFR Exon 18-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Findings From the SUMMIT Basket Trial.

Background: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene occur in 7% to 23% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A small proportion of these (3-5%) are exon 18 mutations. Neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), had activity in the phase II SUMMIT basket study.

Design, Synthesis, and Screening of an RNA Optimized Fluorinated Fragment Library.

Fragment-based screening is an efficient method for early-stage drug discovery. In this study, we aimed to create a fragment library optimized for producing high hit rates against RNA targets. RNA has historically been an underexplored target, but recent research suggests potential for optimizing small molecule libraries for RNA binding.

Incorporating ethics into infectious disease clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Incorporating ethics into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be challenging. This is particularly evident for infectious diseases (ID) CPGs due to the complexity of ID ethics (IDE) and the multiplicity of populations at-risk for infections.

Objectives: The OPENING project (IncOrPorating Ethics iN ClINical Guidelines: Practical Indications) was initiated by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Ethics Advisory Committee (EEAC) in collaboration with the ESCMID Guidelines Subcommittee to generate guidelines for the systematic inclusion of ethics principles into ID CPGs.

Cisplatin-eugenol Pt(IV) prodrugs target colon cancer stem cells: A novel strategy for enhanced anticancer efficacy.

Platinum(IV) compounds possess distinct properties that set them apart from platinum(II) compounds. Often designed as prodrugs, they are reduced within cancer cells to their active platinum(II) form, enabling their cytotoxic effects. Their versatility also lies in their ability to be functionalized and conjugated with bioactive molecules to enhance cancer cell targeting.

Factors affecting womens' attitude towards labor epidural analgesia in a culturally diverse population: a prospective patient-reported outcome study.

Background: To evaluate pregnant women's intentions to deliver with labor epidural analgesia (LEA) and identify factors influencing decision-making in a diverse population in northern Israel.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Galilee Medical Center from February to July 2024. Women completed pre- and post-labor questionnaires assessing demographics, religiosity, prior experience, prenatal education, attitude towards LEA, reasons for not intending to deliver with and actual LEA use.

Correlations Between Oculometric Measures and Traditional Clinical Assessments in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Oculomotor abnormalities are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but are not quantitatively evaluated in clinical practice. Oculometric measures (OMs) are characteristics of eye movements captured while performing a visual task, e.g.

Bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of arsenite (As III) in the aquatic bioindicator Pomacea canaliculata using radiotracer analysis.

This study examines the kinetics of absorption, distribution and accumulation of arsenite (As III) in the freshwater gastropod Pomacea canaliculata using a short-lived tracer (As III). The toxicokinetic model indicate that the gills play a crucial role in the As III uptake, with uptake rates significantly exceeding those of release back into the aquatic environment. The movement of As III from the gills to the hemolymph has low exchange rate.

Inferring single-cell and spatial microRNA activity from transcriptomics data.

The activity of miRNA varies across different cell populations and systems, as part of the mechanisms that distinguish cell types and roles in living organisms and in human health and disease. Typically, miRNA regulation drives changes in the composition and levels of protein-coding RNA and of lncRNA, with targets being down-regulated when miRNAs are active. The term "miRNA activity" is used to refer to this transcriptional effect of miRNAs.

Preventing unrestricted and unmonitored AI experimentation in healthcare through transparency and accountability.

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic health records offers potential benefits but raises significant ethical, legal, and operational concerns, including unconsented data use, lack of governance, and AI-related malpractice accountability. Sycophancy, feedback loop bias, and data reuse risk amplifying errors without proper oversight. To safeguard patients, especially the vulnerable, clinicians must advocate for patient-centered education, ethical practices, and robust oversight to prevent harm.