Towards a standard application of the Reynolds number in studies of aquatic animal locomotion.

Nondimensional groups of measured quantities enable comparison between measurements of animals under different conditions and comparison between species. One of the most used such group is the Reynolds number, which compares inertial and viscous contributions to forces on swimming animals. This group includes two quantities that are chosen by the researcher: a typical length and speed.

One- and two-particle microrheology of soft materials based on optical-flow image analysis.

Particle-tracking microrheology probes the rheology of soft materials by accurately tracking an ensemble of embedded colloidal tracer particles. One-particle analysis, which focuses on the trajectory of individual tracers is ideal for homogeneous materials that do not interact with the particles. By contrast, the characterization of heterogeneous, micro-structured materials or those where particles interact directly with the medium requires a two-particle analysis that characterizes correlations between the trajectories of distinct particle pairs.

Success and failure in establishing national physician databases: a comparison between Canada and Israel.

Physician databases constitute an essential component of health workforce planning. However, while some countries have established functioning national physician databases, others have failed to do so. We compared the healthcare systems of two technologically and economically developed countries, Canada and Israel, which represent cases of respective success and failure in establishing physician databases.

Clinical progress note: Diagnostic approach to dizziness and vertigo.

Dizziness is a common clinical presentation that incurs huge financial costs. It is frequently misdiagnosed due to a wide differential involving both benign (inner ear disease) and serious (stroke) disorders. Traditional frameworks that emphasize symptom quality (dizziness/lightheadedness/vertigo) lack diagnostic utility.

Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD.

Background And Aims: The performance of non-invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.

Methods: Data from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included.

CaML: Chemistry-informed machine learning explains mutual changes between protein conformations and calcium ions in calcium-binding proteins using structural and topological features.

Proteins' flexibility is a feature in communicating changes in cell signaling instigated by binding with secondary messengers, such as calcium ions, associated with the coordination of muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. When binding with the disordered parts of a protein, calcium ions must balance their charge states with the shape of calcium-binding proteins and their versatile pool of partners depending on the circumstances they transmit. Accurately determining the ionic charges of those ions is essential for understanding their role in such processes.

Inoculation reduces social media engagement with affectively polarized content in the UK and US.

The generation and distribution of hyper-partisan content on social media has gained millions of exposure across platforms, often allowing malevolent actors to influence and disrupt democracies. The spread of this content is facilitated by real users' engaging with it on platforms. The current study tests the efficacy of an 'inoculation' intervention via six online survey-based experiments in the UK and US.

A first principles study of convection cells to shear flow instability in 2D Yukawa liquids driven by Reynolds stress.

The stability of kinetic-level convection cells (wherein the magnitude of macroscopic and microscopic velocities are of same order) is studied in a two-dimensional Yukawa liquid under the effect of microscopic velocity perturbations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that for a given system aspect ratio β viz., the ratio of system length [Formula: see text] to its height [Formula: see text] and number of convective rolls initiated [Formula: see text], the fate of the convective cells is decided by [Formula: see text].

Preoperative Cardiac Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease: From Symptoms to Angiography.

Although cardiovascular anesthesiologists play a role in the multidisciplinary heart team, they are generally not involved prior to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This work was designed to broadly cover the factors influencing decision-making when proceeding with coronary angiography in a patient with suspected coronary artery disease. The authors cover the principles, rationale, benefits, and downsides of common tests involved.

Exploring EntrepreNursing: The influence of internal locus of control and organizational innovativeness on nurses' innovative behavior - A cross-sectional study.

Background: The concept of 'EntrepreNursing' improves healthcare outcomes by enhancing quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, but remains underutilized by clinical nurses. Research on how to promote EntrepreNursing is scant.

Purpose: To examine how personal characteristics (internal locus of control, capacity to innovate) and organizational innovativeness influence nurses' innovative behaviors.

XIS-PM: A daily spatiotemporal machine-learning model for PM in the contiguous United States.

Air-pollution monitoring is sparse across most of the United States, so geostatistical models are important for reconstructing concentrations of fine particulate air pollution (PM) for use in health studies. We present XGBoost-IDW Synthesis (XIS), a daily high-resolution PM machine-learning model covering the contiguous US from 2003 through 2023. XIS uses aerosol optical depth from satellites and a parsimonious set of additional predictors to make predictions at arbitrary points, capturing near-roadway gradients and allowing the estimation of address-level exposures.

The moral voice in addiction and the self.

Background: The robust literature on moral psychology research has often overlooked people struggling with addiction, partly due to social, theoretical, and methodological biases. This has created a gap in understanding the role of moral thinking and its influence on addiction and recovery. To address this, our hermeneutic phenomenological study, the first in a series, explores the moral voice of individuals contending with addiction.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Changes in the shape of the lumbar curve during growth : a geometric morphometric approach.

Aims: The development of lumbar lordosis has been traditionally examined using angular measurements of the spine to reflect its shape. While studies agree regarding the increase in the angles during growth, the growth rate is understudied, and sexual dimorphism is debated. In this study, we used a novel method to estimate the shape of the lumbar curve (LC) using the landmark-based geometric morphometric method to explore changes in LC during growth, examine the effect of size and sex on LC shape, and examine the associations between angular measurements and shape.

Mobile Health App as an Auxiliary Tool in Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Mobile health apps can boost treatment adherence and support disease management at home. The Atopic App and web-based Atopic School patient education program offer a chance to enhance adherence to atopic dermatitis (AD) management.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Atopic App mobile health intervention in the managing of AD in children.

Characterizing the relationship between personality dimensions and psychosis-specific clinical characteristics.

Background: Past studies associating personality with psychosis have been limited by small nonclinical samples and a focus on general symptom burden. This study uses a large clinical sample to examine personality's relationship with psychosis-specific features and compare personality dimensions across clinically and neurobiologically defined categories of psychoses.

Methods: A total of 1352 participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar with psychosis, as well as 623 healthy controls (HC), drawn from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP-2) study, were included.

Educational outcomes of care leavers and their matched peers: A gender perspective.

Background: Educational gaps between care leavers and their same-age peers not in care are well documented. However, little is known about gender disparities in educational outcomes between care leavers and their matched peers.

Objectives: To examine and predict secondary school educational attainments (EA) and enrollment in postsecondary education (PSE) by (1) study group: care leavers versus their matched peers, (2) gender: men versus women, (3) interaction between study group and gender.

Responsible Design, Integration, and Use of Generative AI in Mental Health.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) shows potential for personalized care, psychoeducation, and even crisis prediction in mental health, yet responsible use requires ethical consideration and deliberation and perhaps even governance. This is the first published theme issue focused on responsible GenAI in mental health. It brings together evidence and insights on GenAI's capabilities, such as emotion recognition, therapy-session summarization, and risk assessment, while highlighting the sensitive nature of mental health data and the need for rigorous validation.

Comparing answers of ChatGPT and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions.

Introduction: Chatbots have been increasingly used as a source of patient education. This study aimed to compare the answers of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions in terms of appropriateness, comprehensiveness, and language level.

Methods: Each chatbot was asked a set of 30 questions on hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.