A first principles study of convection cells to shear flow instability in 2D Yukawa liquids driven by Reynolds stress.

The stability of kinetic-level convection cells (wherein the magnitude of macroscopic and microscopic velocities are of same order) is studied in a two-dimensional Yukawa liquid under the effect of microscopic velocity perturbations. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that for a given system aspect ratio β viz., the ratio of system length [Formula: see text] to its height [Formula: see text] and number of convective rolls initiated [Formula: see text], the fate of the convective cells is decided by [Formula: see text].

Preoperative Cardiac Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease: From Symptoms to Angiography.

Although cardiovascular anesthesiologists play a role in the multidisciplinary heart team, they are generally not involved prior to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. This work was designed to broadly cover the factors influencing decision-making when proceeding with coronary angiography in a patient with suspected coronary artery disease. The authors cover the principles, rationale, benefits, and downsides of common tests involved.

Exploring EntrepreNursing: The influence of internal locus of control and organizational innovativeness on nurses' innovative behavior - A cross-sectional study.

Background: The concept of 'EntrepreNursing' improves healthcare outcomes by enhancing quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, but remains underutilized by clinical nurses. Research on how to promote EntrepreNursing is scant.

Purpose: To examine how personal characteristics (internal locus of control, capacity to innovate) and organizational innovativeness influence nurses' innovative behaviors.

XIS-PM: A daily spatiotemporal machine-learning model for PM in the contiguous United States.

Air-pollution monitoring is sparse across most of the United States, so geostatistical models are important for reconstructing concentrations of fine particulate air pollution (PM) for use in health studies. We present XGBoost-IDW Synthesis (XIS), a daily high-resolution PM machine-learning model covering the contiguous US from 2003 through 2023. XIS uses aerosol optical depth from satellites and a parsimonious set of additional predictors to make predictions at arbitrary points, capturing near-roadway gradients and allowing the estimation of address-level exposures.

The moral voice in addiction and the self.

Background: The robust literature on moral psychology research has often overlooked people struggling with addiction, partly due to social, theoretical, and methodological biases. This has created a gap in understanding the role of moral thinking and its influence on addiction and recovery. To address this, our hermeneutic phenomenological study, the first in a series, explores the moral voice of individuals contending with addiction.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Changes in the shape of the lumbar curve during growth : a geometric morphometric approach.

Aims: The development of lumbar lordosis has been traditionally examined using angular measurements of the spine to reflect its shape. While studies agree regarding the increase in the angles during growth, the growth rate is understudied, and sexual dimorphism is debated. In this study, we used a novel method to estimate the shape of the lumbar curve (LC) using the landmark-based geometric morphometric method to explore changes in LC during growth, examine the effect of size and sex on LC shape, and examine the associations between angular measurements and shape.

Mobile Health App as an Auxiliary Tool in Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Mobile health apps can boost treatment adherence and support disease management at home. The Atopic App and web-based Atopic School patient education program offer a chance to enhance adherence to atopic dermatitis (AD) management.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Atopic App mobile health intervention in the managing of AD in children.

Characterizing the relationship between personality dimensions and psychosis-specific clinical characteristics.

Background: Past studies associating personality with psychosis have been limited by small nonclinical samples and a focus on general symptom burden. This study uses a large clinical sample to examine personality's relationship with psychosis-specific features and compare personality dimensions across clinically and neurobiologically defined categories of psychoses.

Methods: A total of 1352 participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar with psychosis, as well as 623 healthy controls (HC), drawn from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP-2) study, were included.

Educational outcomes of care leavers and their matched peers: A gender perspective.

Background: Educational gaps between care leavers and their same-age peers not in care are well documented. However, little is known about gender disparities in educational outcomes between care leavers and their matched peers.

Objectives: To examine and predict secondary school educational attainments (EA) and enrollment in postsecondary education (PSE) by (1) study group: care leavers versus their matched peers, (2) gender: men versus women, (3) interaction between study group and gender.

Responsible Design, Integration, and Use of Generative AI in Mental Health.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) shows potential for personalized care, psychoeducation, and even crisis prediction in mental health, yet responsible use requires ethical consideration and deliberation and perhaps even governance. This is the first published theme issue focused on responsible GenAI in mental health. It brings together evidence and insights on GenAI's capabilities, such as emotion recognition, therapy-session summarization, and risk assessment, while highlighting the sensitive nature of mental health data and the need for rigorous validation.

Comparing answers of ChatGPT and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions.

Introduction: Chatbots have been increasingly used as a source of patient education. This study aimed to compare the answers of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions in terms of appropriateness, comprehensiveness, and language level.

Methods: Each chatbot was asked a set of 30 questions on hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and corticosteroids as combined treatment for acute acoustic trauma.

Purpose: Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) is a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to exposure to high intensity impulse noise. There are no acceptable treatment guidelines, although several studies showed steroids could be effective in restoring hearing levels. A recent report suggested that steroids combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are a superior regiment for AAT.

Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task.

The Stroop task is widely used to study attentional control and cognitive flexibility. However, questions about its sensitivity to training and the impact of task conflict on attentional control remain open. We investigated the effects of practice and task conflict on attentional control in the Stroop task, with participants completing four sessions of a Stroop task over 3 weeks in low and high task-conflict conditions.

Kinetics of recovery and normalization of running biomechanics following aerobic-based exercise-induced muscle damage in recreational male runners.

Objectives: The study aimed to examine the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on running kinetics.

Design: Twenty-six adult recreational male runners performed 60 min of downhill running (-10 %) at 65 % of maximal heart rate. Running gait changes, systemic and localized muscle damage markers were assessed pre - and post-exercise induced muscle damage protocol.

Ethnicity predicts long-term depressive symptom patterns in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Depression is a chronic disorder that significantly affects functional decline in older adults, especially those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ethnic groups may experience different depression risks and severities, yet the effect of ethnicity on depression trajectories and specific dimensions in older adults with T2D remains largely unexamined. We examined the longitudinal associations of ethnicity with depression and its specific dimensions over time in older Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews with T2D.

"Is this 'minor time' now? My time?" - Voice versus knowledge in child neglect proceedings, lessons from the guardian ad litem role in Israeli juvenile courtrooms.

Background: Child Protection Legal Systems around the world work to toe the line between protecting children from possible harms and avoiding inflicting further harm by mistreating or misrecognizing the problems the children in question are facing. Despite growing efforts to enhance children's participation in child protection proceedings, there is still a lot of criticism from families and children directed at the state and the legal system.

Objective: This inquiry attempts to locate at least one of the reasons for such criticism - the feeling of being excluded from the decision-making process.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) can occur due to a variety of immune-modulating exposures, including multiple drug classes and disease states. Antiviral prophylaxis can be effective in mitigating the risk of HBVr. In select cases, clinical monitoring without antiviral prophylaxis is sufficient for managing the risk of HBVr.