Comparing answers of ChatGPT and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions.

Introduction: Chatbots have been increasingly used as a source of patient education. This study aimed to compare the answers of ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini to common questions on benign anal conditions in terms of appropriateness, comprehensiveness, and language level.

Methods: Each chatbot was asked a set of 30 questions on hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissures, and anal fistulas.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and corticosteroids as combined treatment for acute acoustic trauma.

Purpose: Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) is a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) due to exposure to high intensity impulse noise. There are no acceptable treatment guidelines, although several studies showed steroids could be effective in restoring hearing levels. A recent report suggested that steroids combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are a superior regiment for AAT.

Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task.

The Stroop task is widely used to study attentional control and cognitive flexibility. However, questions about its sensitivity to training and the impact of task conflict on attentional control remain open. We investigated the effects of practice and task conflict on attentional control in the Stroop task, with participants completing four sessions of a Stroop task over 3 weeks in low and high task-conflict conditions.

Kinetics of recovery and normalization of running biomechanics following aerobic-based exercise-induced muscle damage in recreational male runners.

Objectives: The study aimed to examine the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on running kinetics.

Design: Twenty-six adult recreational male runners performed 60 min of downhill running (-10 %) at 65 % of maximal heart rate. Running gait changes, systemic and localized muscle damage markers were assessed pre - and post-exercise induced muscle damage protocol.

Ethnicity predicts long-term depressive symptom patterns in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Depression is a chronic disorder that significantly affects functional decline in older adults, especially those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ethnic groups may experience different depression risks and severities, yet the effect of ethnicity on depression trajectories and specific dimensions in older adults with T2D remains largely unexamined. We examined the longitudinal associations of ethnicity with depression and its specific dimensions over time in older Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews with T2D.

"Is this 'minor time' now? My time?" - Voice versus knowledge in child neglect proceedings, lessons from the guardian ad litem role in Israeli juvenile courtrooms.

Background: Child Protection Legal Systems around the world work to toe the line between protecting children from possible harms and avoiding inflicting further harm by mistreating or misrecognizing the problems the children in question are facing. Despite growing efforts to enhance children's participation in child protection proceedings, there is still a lot of criticism from families and children directed at the state and the legal system.

Objective: This inquiry attempts to locate at least one of the reasons for such criticism - the feeling of being excluded from the decision-making process.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) can occur due to a variety of immune-modulating exposures, including multiple drug classes and disease states. Antiviral prophylaxis can be effective in mitigating the risk of HBVr. In select cases, clinical monitoring without antiviral prophylaxis is sufficient for managing the risk of HBVr.

Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: The Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Ultra-processed food consumption is emerging as a risk factor for various cardiometabolic diseases, however its association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease has rarely been explored.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease among middle-age and older adults.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Current guidelines recommend a 2-step approach for risk stratification in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) followed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or similar second-line tests. This study aimed to examine to prognostic performance of this approach.

Methods: The VCTE-Prognosis Study was a longitudinal study of patients with MASLD who had undergone VCTE examinations at 16 centres from the US, Europe and Asia with subsequent follow-up for clinical events.

Parathyroid hormone levels following denosumab vs. zoledronic acid therapy for osteoporosis.

The objective of this retrospective, database study was to characterize the rate, magnitude and timeline of increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels post-denosumab (DMAb) vs. zoledronic acid (ZA) injection in patients with osteoporosis and near normal baseline PTH. Included were osteoporotic females, ≥50 years, initiating treatment with 60 mg DMAb or 5 mg ZA.

Specific symptomatology profile associated with treatment resistant depression: A multicentric study from the Group for the Study of Resistant Depression with a focus on sex.

Background: Clinical predictors of treatment-resistant depression could improve treatment strategies. Depressive symptom profiles at baseline are potential outcome predictors, but little evidence is available, and sex-specific profiles have been scarcely investigated.

Methods: Baseline symptom scores of 1294 patients with major depressive disorder were assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) as part of a multicenter study by the "Group for the Studies of Resistant Depression".

Risk Factors for Postoperative Infection in Patients After Pilon Fracture Fixation.

The combination of high energy fractures, extensive soft tissue trauma, and high infection rates in pilon fractures of the distal tibia have long challenged surgeons. Despite the ample evidence, there is no consensus regarding the factors that may influence postoperative infections following surgical management of these fractures. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative infections in patients undergoing surgical management for pilon fractures.

Breast cancer outcomes after skin- and nipple-sparing mastectomy in BRCA pathogenic mutation carriers versus non-BRCA carriers.

Unlabelled: Our previous study on BRCA breast cancer carriers disclosed a high local recurrence (LR) rate in patients who underwent skin sparing (SSM) or nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) without postoperative radiation therapy (RT), compared to breast conservation surgery or mastectomy with RT. The current study compares the LR rates in BRCA versus non BRCA carriers after SSM/NSM in relation the receipt of RT.

Methods: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

Unique considerations in the assessment and management of traumatic brain injury in older adults.

The age-specific incidence of traumatic brain injury in older adults is rising in high-income countries, mainly due to an increase in the incidence of falls. The severity of traumatic brain injury in older adults can be underestimated because of a delay in the development of mass effect and symptoms of intracranial haemorrhage. Management and rehabilitation in older adults must consider comorbidities and frailty, the treatment of pre-existing disorders, the reduced potential for recovery, the likelihood of cognitive decline, and the avoidance of future falls.

An integrated participatory framework for WEFE nexus strategic planning: The Jordan Valley case study.

The Jordan Valley (JV) is a critical region where the interplay of water, energy, food, and ecosystem (WEFE) dynamics presents both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development and climate change mitigation and adaptation. In such a transboundary river basin with acute nexus problems and a long history of conflicts, it is essential that conscious efforts are made to pluralize the debate and actively encourage stakeholders' empowerment, participation and fair collaboration in strategic planning. An integrated framework for participatory strategic planning in the WEFE nexus is proposed, which has been developed in the context of the JV case study.

Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism identification based on international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 codes and imaging reports.

Background: Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (issPE) is a commonly encountered diagnosis. Although the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes are used for research, their validity for identifying issPE is unknown. Moreover, issPE diagnosis is challenging, and the findings from radiology reports may conflict with those from expert radiologists.

Contribution of a post-secondary academic enrichment program on cognitive abilities of adults with severe intellectual disability using an e-book.

Unlabelled: We investigated the impact of participation in post-secondary university education (PSE) on the academic knowledge of adult students with severe intellectual disability and extensive support needs (SIDESN) vs. a similar group of controls who did not participate in PSE. We also examined whether the PSE would result in a "near transfer" to basic crystallized (facts and information) and fluid (problems involving executive functions and working memory) cognitive abilities, the contribution of background characteristics and crystallized and fluid abilities to their academic knowledge, semantic fluency and temporal relations.

Comparison of complications and surgery outcomes in skin closure methods following cesarean sections.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of absorbable subcutaneous staples for skin closure in cesarean delivery (CD) on maternal morbidity.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary university-affiliated medical center between January 2011 and April 2022. In 2020, a new technique involving absorbable subcutaneous staples for skin closure in CD was introduced.