Impact of Effort-Reward Imbalance and Burnout on the Compliance with Standard Precautions among Nurses and Midwives in Lebanese Hospitals.

Background: Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) refers to the situation where there is a mismatch between the effort that healthcare workers (HCWs) put into their work and the rewards they receive in return. Burnout, on the other hand, is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This study aimed to assess the impact of ERI and burnout on the compliance with standard precautions (SPs) among nurses and midwives in Lebanese hospitals under the economic crisis and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overview of pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals.

is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system where it causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).

General Overview of : Epidemiology and the Role of Siderophores in Its Pathogenicity.

The opportunistic pathogen () can colonize mucosal surfaces and spread from mucosae to other tissues, causing fatal infections. Medical equipment and the healthcare setting can become colonized by species, which are widely distributed in nature and can be found in water, soil, and animals. Moreover, a substantial number of community-acquired illnesses are also caused by this organism worldwide.

Towards new antibiotics classes targeting bacterial metallophores.

The increasing bacterial resistance caused by antibiotic overuse has promoted the search for new antimicrobial strategies. Metals uptake via bacterial metallophores are studied to develop new therapeutics against infectious diseases, because metal ions are essential for bacterial growth and virulence. Metal ions assimilation is mainly dependent on metallophores production which are metal chelators synthetized and produced by bacteria to facilitate metals uptake and are vital for bacterial pathogenicity.

Overview of Metallophores: Yersiniabactin and Yersinopine.

The pathogenic anaerobic bacteria (), which is well known as the plague causative agent, has the ability to escape or inhibit innate immune system responses, which can result in host death even before the activation of adaptive responses. Bites from infected fleas in nature transmit between mammalian hosts causing bubonic plague. It was recognized that a host's ability to retain iron is essential in fighting invading pathogens.

A Review of Metallophores: Pyoverdine, Pyochelin and Pseudopaline.

is a common Gram-negative bacterium found in nature that causes severe infections in humans. As a result of its natural resistance to antibiotics and the ability of biofilm formation, the infection with this pathogen can be therapeutic challenging. During infection, produces secondary metabolites such as metallophores that play an important role in their virulence.

Decisional issues in antibiotic prescribing in French nursing homes: An ethnographic study.

Medication prescription is generally the responsibility of doctors. In nursing homes, the nursing staff is often the first to suspect an infection. Today, physicians are more confident with nursing assessment, relying primarily on nursing staff information.