Efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast cell wall-derived supplements on immunity responses, growth performance, and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio juveniles.

This study investigated the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC 1643) (LA) and a commercial yeast cell wall prebiotic (Immunogen) (IM) on immunoantioxidant, growth, and digestive status, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio juveniles. The fish were fed in five treatments including control (T1), LA1.5 (T2): 1.

Probiotic, fructooligosaccharide and yeast extract mixture improves gut health in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

The present study investigated the effects of a feed additive (FA) containing a probiotic consortium, fructooligosaccharide and yeast extract on growth performance, humoral immune responses, hepatic antioxidant parameters and intestine digestive enzymes, morphology and transcripts in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were reared for 8 weeks, feeding on diets containing 0 (CNT), 0.3 (0.

Effect of the cholinergic system of the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) on blood pressure and heart rate in normal and hydralazine hypotensive rats.

Objectives: Due to the presence of the cholinergic system in the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) column, the cardiovascular effects of acetylcholine (ACH) and its receptors in normotensive and hydralazine (HYD) hypotensive rats in this area were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: After anesthesia, the femoral artery was cannulated and systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and also electrocardiogram for evaluation of low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, important components of heart rate variability (HRV), were recorded. ACH, atropine (Atr, a muscarinic antagonist), and hexamethonium (Hex, an antagonist nicotinic) alone and together microinjected into lPAG, changes (Δ) of cardiovascular responses and normalized (n) LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio were analyzed.

The role of nitric oxide in the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) column in cardiovascular responses in urethane-anesthetized male rats.

Background: The dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) is a mesencephalic area and has numerous functions including cardiovascular regulation. Because nitric oxide (NO) is present in the dmPAG, here we investigate, the probable cardiovascular effect of NO in the dmPAG.

Methods: Five groups (n = 6 for each group) were used as follows: (1) control; (2) L-NAME (N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, 90 nmol); (3) L-arginine (L-Arg, a precursor for NO, 60 nmol); (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor, 27 nmol); and (5) L-Arg + L-NAME.

Can executive functions of the brain predict official driving test success?

Human factors, including the level of cognitive functioning, are the most influential factors in road traffic crashes. Among cognitive abilities, executive functions (EFs) of the brain play a pivotal role in driving performance and outcomes, including crash numbers. The current study was aimed to explore, for the first time, the ability of EF tests to predict success on the official driving tests in applicants of driving license in Iran.

Ecological validity of executive function tests in predicting driving performance.

Almost all of our everyday activities depend on executive function (EF) skills. In line with the increasing attention to the ecological validation of neuropsychological assessment and intervention methods, this study aimed to explore the ecological validity of a relevant set of widely used EF tests, mostly from well-known paradigms of EF assessment, in predicting driving ability. Ninety-six healthy novice drivers ( = 26.

Fabrication of magnetic iron oxide-supported copper oxide nanoparticles (FeO/CuO): modified screen-printed electrode for electrochemical studies and detection of desipramine.

The present investigation examines a sensitive electrochemical technique to detect desipramine through FeO/CuO nanoparticles (NPs). FeO/CuO NPs were synthesized a coprecipitation procedure, and the products were characterized energy disperse spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The voltage-current curve and differential pulse voltammetry examinations of FeO/CuO-modified screen-printed electrode (FeO/CuO/SPE) were followed by the determination of electro-catalytic activities toward desipramine oxidation in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.

Recombinant Omp2b antigen-based ELISA is an efficient tool for specific serodiagnosis of animal brucellosis.

Control of brucellosis as a worldwide zoonotic disease is based on vaccination of animals and diagnosis of infected cases to be eradicated. Accurate and rapid detection of infected animals is of critical importance for preventing the spread of disease. Current detection of brucellosis is based on whole-cell antigens and investigating serum antibodies against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Corrigendum to "Development of IgY-Based Sandwich ELISA as a Robust Tool for Rapid Detection and Discrimination of Toxigenic ".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/4032531.].

Development of IgY-Based Sandwich ELISA as a Robust Tool for Rapid Detection and Discrimination of Toxigenic .

Background: The conventional methods for diagnosis of are time consuming, complicated, and expensive. Development of rapid detection tests is critical for prevention and management of cholera. This study aimed to introduce two sensitive sandwich ELISAs based on avian antibodies (IgY) targeting outer membrane protein W (OmpW) and cytotoxin B (CtxB) antigens of .

Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulotyping of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from open-air fish markets.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characterization of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw fish and open-air fish market environments. Eight hundred and sixty two samples including raw fish and fish market environments (samples from workers' hands, workers' knives, containers and work surface) were collected from the open-air fish markets in the Northern region of Iran.

Results: Listeria spp.

The impact of training problem-solving skills on self-esteem and behavioral adjustment in teenage girls who have irresponsible parents or no parents.

Proper psychological interventions are of great importance because they help enhancing psychological and public health in adolescents with irresponsible parents or no parents. The current research aimed to examine the impact of training problem-solving experiment on self-esteem and behavioral adjustment in teenage girls with irresponsible parents or no parents. The approach of the present research was a semi-test via a post-test-pre-test model and a check team.

Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia species and Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from raw milk in farm bulk tanks.

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and to characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance of Yersinia spp. isolates from raw milk. From September 2008 to August 2010, 446 raw milk samples were obtained from farm bulk milk tanks in Varamin, Iran.

Plant metabolic modeling: achieving new insight into metabolism and metabolic engineering.

Models are used to represent aspects of the real world for specific purposes, and mathematical models have opened up new approaches in studying the behavior and complexity of biological systems. However, modeling is often time-consuming and requires significant computational resources for data development, data analysis, and simulation. Computational modeling has been successfully applied as an aid for metabolic engineering in microorganisms.

Nursing students' expectations regarding effective clinical education: a qualitative study.

This study aimed to describe the expectations of Bachelor of Science nursing students regarding what constitutes an effective clinical education. In this study, a semistructured interview process was utilized with 17 nursing students studying in sophomore, junior and senior years in training units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Content analysis was employed to analyse the data.

Structural and functional effects of social isolation on the hippocampus of rats with traumatic brain injury.

Social isolation has significant long-term psychological and physiological consequences. Both social isolation and traumatic brain injury (TBI) alter normal brain function and structure. However, the influence of social isolation on recovery from TBI is unclear.

Short communication: prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in Varamin, Tehran Province, Iran. All of the isolated Staph. aureus were identified by morphology and culture and confirmed using the API Staph identification system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France).

Determination of reference values for intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test in clinically normal ostriches (Struthio camelus).

The purpose of this study was to establish normal physiologic reference values for intraocular pressure (IOP) and Schirmer tear test (STT) results in clinically normal ostriches (Struthio camelus). Twenty ostriches of both sexes, 10 juveniles (1.5-2 yr of age) and 10 adults, were included in this study.

Effects of short-term oral administration of propranolol on tear secretion in clinically normal dogs.

This study evaluated the effects of short-term oral administration of propranolol on tear secretion in 15 clinically normal crossbreed dogs. The treatment group (n = 8) received propranolol (2 mg/kg q8h) orally for 7 days. The control group (n = 7) received placebo during the study.

Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal Long-Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus): reference values.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for Schirmer tear test (STT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus).

Animals: Fourteen healthy long-eared hedgehogs (H. auritus) of either sex were studied.

The effects of ketamine-midazolam anesthesia on intraocular pressure in clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of intravenous ketamine-midazolam anesthesia on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive dogs.

Animals: Thirteen adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 7) and control (n = 6) groups.

Effect of acepromazine or xylazine on tear production as measured by Schirmer tear test in normal cats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of acepromazine or xylazine on Schirmer tear test 1 results in clinically normal cats.

Animals: Sixteen healthy cross-breed cats.

Procedure: The animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats each.

Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Ziziphus vulgaris L. on streptozocin-induced [corrected] diabetic adult male Wistar rats.

Herbal medicine and medical plants such as Ziziphus vulgaris L. are widely used for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We investigated the effects of water extracts of Ziziphus vulgaris L.

Effect of topical 1% tropicamide on Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal horses.

Objective: To observe the effect of topical 1% tropicamide on equine tear production as measured by Schirmer I tear test.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen adult horses received one drop of 1% tropicamide ophthalmic solution in one eye and the opposite eye served as the control. The tear production in both eyes was tested at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after 1% tropicamide administration.

The effects of intravenous ciprofloxacin on the electrocardiogram of healthy dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic effects of single intravenous dose of ciprofloxacin in dogs. Ten adult cross-breed dogs of both sexes were selected as the sample population. Baseline electrocardiographic values were recorded just before drug administration.