Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Cowden Syndrome/PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome in Children and Adults-Secondary Publication.

Cowden syndrome (CS)/ hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited condition caused by germline pathogenesis. It is associated with multiple hamartomatous lesions occurring in various organs and tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes, breast, thyroid, endometrium, and brain. Macrocephaly or multiple characteristic mucocutaneous lesions commonly develop in individuals in their 20s.

A nonrandomized controlled trial: long-term outcomes of LATG/LAPG for cStage I gastric cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG1401.

Background: A previous report confirmed the safety of laparoscopy-assisted total and proximal gastrectomies (LATG and LAPG) (JCOG1401). This report demonstrates the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after long-term follow-up to confirm the efficacy of these surgical methods as key secondary endpoints for cStage I gastric cancer.

Methods: This study enrolled patients who had histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma and were diagnosed with clinical T1N0, T1N(+), or T2N0 tumors according to the 14th edition of the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma (3rd English edition).

[Left Hemothorax without Pericardial Effusion due to Pacing Lead Penetration Through Right Ventricular Wall:Report of a Case].

Cardiac perforation by a pacemaker lead that causes left hemothorax without pericardial effusion is rare and life threatening. So, we report a surgically salvaged case. A 55-year-old man underwent insertion of adevice for cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillation.

Impact of providing genetics-based future cardiovascular risk on LDL-C in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant monogenic disease characterized by high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Although carrying causative FH variants is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), it remains unclear whether disclosing its associated cardiovascular risk affects outcomes in patients with FH.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of providing future cardiovascular risk based on genetic testing in addition to a standard FH education program.

Real-World Treatment Sequencing in Vulnerable Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Data regarding treatment sequence for vulnerable patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a real-world setting are lacking.

Objective: We aimed to assess treatment outcomes in second-line or later chemotherapy for vulnerable patients with mCRC in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: Vulnerable patients with mCRC who received less intensive treatment ('vulnerable') regimens, i.

Impact of laparoscopic surgery on short-term and long-term outcomes in elderly obese patients with colon cancer.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is reported to be useful in obese or elderly patients with colon cancer, who are at increased risk of postoperative complications because of comorbidities and physical decline. However, its usefulness is less clear in patients who are both elderly and obese and may be at high risk of complications.

Methods: Data for obese patients (body mass index ≥25) who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery for stage II or III colon cancer between January 2009 and December 2013 were collected by the Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.

Negative correlation between organ heteroplasmy, particularly hepatic heteroplasmy, and age at death revealed by post-mortem studies of m.3243A > G cases.

Mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G mutation causes mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and its associated multi-organ disorders, including diabetes. To clarify associations between m.

Analysis of factors associated with operative difficulty in thoracoscopic esophageal cancer surgery in the left-decubitus position: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: The degree of difficulty in the overall procedure and forceps handling encountered by surgeons is greatly influenced by the positional relationship of intrathoracic organs in minimally invasive esophagectomy. This study aimed to identify the anatomical factors associated with the difficulty of minimally invasive esophagectomy assessed by intraoperative injuries and postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Minimally invasive esophagectomy in the left-decubitus position was performed in 258 patients.

Association between the intraoperative fluid balance during cardiac surgery and postoperative sequential organ failure assessment score: a post hoc analysis of the BROTHER study, a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Although intraoperative intravenous fluids are commonly administered to reverse intraoperative hypotension during cardiac surgery, the appropriate volume remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the intraoperative fluid balance and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in patients undergoing cardiac surgery to determine the impact of intraoperative intravenous fluids on their organs. This was a post hoc analysis using data from a multicenter, retrospective, observational study across 14 intensive care units (ICUs) in Japan.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Lung Imaging Confederation Open-Source Deep Learning and Quantitative Measurement Initiative.

Introduction: With global adoption of computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening, there is increasing interest to use artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning methods to improve the clinical management process. To enable AI research using an open-source, cloud-based, globally distributed, screening CT imaging data set and computational environment that are compliant with the most stringent international privacy regulations that also protect the intellectual properties of researchers, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer sponsored development of the Early Lung Imaging Confederation (ELIC) resource in 2018. The objective of this report is to describe the updated capabilities of ELIC and illustrate how this resource can be used for clinically relevant AI research.

Successful treatment of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in a reconstructed jejunum after esophagectomy and remnant gastric tube resection: a case report.

Background: Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), an ischemic bowel disease without a disruption of the mesenteric blood flow or strangulation of the mesentery or intestine, may cause a lethal clinical course. We report a very rare case of jejunal necrosis caused by NOMI in the pedicled mesentery of the reconstructed jejunum after remnant gastric tube resection for heterochronous gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy.

Case Presentation: An 80-year-old man visited our department with chief complaints of fever and appetite loss after 4 months from gastric tube resection and digestive reconstruction with pedicled jejunum.

Percutaneous transjugular approach without arterial monitoring for the treatment of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: illustrative case.

Background: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) because of COL3A1 mutations is a rare inherited collagen vascular disease associated with spontaneous arterial dissections, aneurysms, vessel rupture, and organ rupture. A direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is the most common central nervous system vascular anomaly in vEDS; however, its treatment is challenging due to extremely fragile arteries and veins.

Observations: A 22-year-old woman presented with pulsatile tinnitus and mild diplopia.

The sarcopenia index measured using the lumbar paraspinal muscle is associated with prognosis in endometrial cancer.

Objective: The number of type-II endometrial cancer patients has been increasing and the prognosis is not favorable. We aim to investigate whether sarcopenia index in any of several different muscles could serve as a novel biomarker of prognosis in patients with type-II endometrial cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated a total of 194 patients at four hospitals.

Impact of Preoperative Nutritional Assessment on Other-Cause Survival after Gastrectomy in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with death due to other diseases after a gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who had undergone gastrectomy between April 2008 and June 2018 for primary stage II-III gastric cancer. The primary outcome was other-cause survival.

Deep learning-based automatic detection for pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs: The relationship with background lung condition, nodule characteristics, and location.

Purpose: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), which assists in the interpretation of chest radiographs, is becoming common. However, few studies have evaluated the benefits and pitfalls of CAD in the real world. This study aimed to evaluate the independent performance of commercially available deep learning-based automatic detection (DLAD) software, EIRL Chest X-ray Lung Nodule, in a cohort that included patients with background pulmonary abnormalities often encountered in clinical situations.