Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Oxidative Stress Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study.

Introduction: In the present study, we evaluated the impact of empagliflozin on serum levels of oxidative stress parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who also suffer from heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: In this prospective, single-center clinical trial, 80 patients with T2DM and HFrEF, stabilized on guideline-directed heart failure therapy and classified as New York Heart Association functional (NYHA) functional classes II or III, were randomized to receive either empagliflozin (10 mg/daily) or a matching placebo for a duration of 12 weeks. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured at baseline and after the 12-week treatment period.

Age of menarche and final height in patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism.

Purpose: We compared the age at menarche and standard deviation score (SDS) of final height (FH) in permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients with those of healthy female adolescents and assessed their associations with CH screening-related variables or demographic factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 207 female CH patients and 598 healthy age-matched female adolescents. Ages at puberty onset and menarche, height at puberty and menarche, and the FH and its SDS were evaluated in the 2 groups and compared.

Antimicrobial Peptides Against Arboviruses: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions.

This review delves into the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as promising candidates for combating arboviruses, focusing on their mechanisms of antiviral activity, challenges, and future directions. AMPs have shown promise in preventing arbovirus attachment to host cells, inducing interferon production, and targeting multiple viral stages, illustrating their multifaceted impact on arbovirus infections. Structural elucidation of AMP-viral complexes is explored to deepen the understanding of molecular determinants governing viral neutralization, paving the way for structure-guided design.

Comprehensive Iranian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of maple syrup urine disease: an evidence- and consensus- based approach.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) disease is a defect in the function of the Branched-chain 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). It is caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in BCKDHA, BCKA decarboxylase, or dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. The brain is the major organ involved in MSUD.

Efficacy of two radiographic algorithms for detection of peri-implant bone defects on cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Background: Early detection of peri-implant bone defects can improve long-term durability of dental implants. By the advances in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners and introduction of new algorithms, it is important to find the most efficient protocol for detection of bone defects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of metal artifact reduction (MAR) and advanced noise reduction (ANR) algorithms for detection of peri-implant bone defects.

Cochlear reimplantation rate, causes, and outcomes: a multicenter study.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate cochlear reimplantation rate, causes, and audiological outcomes in a large group of patients in a multicenter study.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with cochlear reimplantation surgeries between 2000 and 2022 in five academic referral centers. The rate and reasons for cochlear reimplantation surgeries were evaluated.

Evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody response after booster dose of SpikoGen® in individuals with two previous doses of Sinopharm and its association with HLA-DR and -DQ alleles.

Background: It has been demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccines confer significant protection, but temporal decay in the vaccine-induced antibodies has been reported; therefore, a third booster dose was considered. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules act as antigen presenting structures, play critical roles in the formation of an efficient antibody response. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody response after the booster dose of SpikoGen® vaccine in individuals with a history of Sinopharm primary vaccination series and its association with HLA-DQB1 and -DRB alleles.

Case Series of Anthrax in Iran.

In endemic areas with a compatible epidemiological context, clinicians should consider anthrax as a potential diagnosis. The disease can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, or central nervous system infections.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of medroxyprogesterone on blood gases and short-term hospital outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treating with noninvasive ventilation: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of medroxyprogesterone on hospital short clinical outcomes and ABG parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation under treatments with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) treated with progesterone 15 mg in comparison with placebo.

Materials And Methods: This is a double-blinded clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan, Iran, on 60 patients with COPD exacerbation that require NIV. All patients received short-acting beta-agonists, short-acting anticholinergics, systemic corticosteroids, and NIV.

Drug Extravasation in a Tertiary Referral Children Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Extravasation injuries are prevalent in pediatric hospitals and often result in tissue damage and extended hospital stays. However, limited data exist regarding risk factors for extravasation in children. This study aimed to identify these risk factors in pediatric patients receiving intravenous (IV) therapy.

Relationship between Cellphone Overuse with Sleep Quality and Self-efficacy in Clinical Performance of Nurse and Midwifery Students.

Background: Identification of the factors related to students' academic success and clinical self-efficacy plays a significant role in their ability to provide independent patient care. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship of cell phone overuse with sleep quality and self-efficacy in the clinical performance of nursing and midwifery students.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 211 nursing and midwifery students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022.

Health Information Disorders Models: A Scoping Review.

Background: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the models of Health Information Disorders (HIDs), the components of these models, their study setting, and their designing approaches.

Materials And Methods: In this study, PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant articles. After screening the identified studies, 22 studies were selected.

The Effect of a Program Based on Roy's Adaptation Model on Coping Skills of Children of People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: The health of children is affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in their parents and various complications of it. Given this, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of a program based on Roy's adaptation model on the coping skills of children of MS patients.

Materials And Methods: This study was performed on 78 children of 78 MS patients from Shahrekord Support Association of MS patients including around 1800 patient members in 2018 using a quasi-experimental method.

Strategies to Bridge the Theory-Practice Gap in Nursing Education in Iran: A Participatory Action Research.

Background: Nursing is a scientific profession that focuses on the art of care. However, its theory-practice gap has led to problems in teaching nursing students. Therefore, this paper aims to present the effects of the implementation of theory-practice gap strategies in training nursing students in the emergency department.

The interactions of spontaneous abortion, dietary intake of selenium, and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) genotype: a case-control study in Iran.

Background: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is reported to be associated with Fat Mass And Obesity-Associated FTO genotype and dietary intake of selenium. This research assessed the potential interactions between the risk of SA, dietary selenium intake, and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism.

Methods: This case-control study encompassed 192 women who experienced SA and 347 control participants.

Quantitative evaluation of the canalis sinuosus relative to adjacent structures in cone-beam computed tomography images.

Background: Careful anatomical investigation of canalis sinuosus (CS) is essential to prevent damage to blood vessels and nerves in this area during surgical procedures, such as placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region. This study investigated the relationship and distance between the CS and its adjacent structures.

Methods: A total of 400 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of Iranian adults aged 20-86 years were included in this retrospective study.

The effect of consecutive ejaculation on the sperm parameters in the oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) men.

Recently, the World Health Organization recommendation for abstinence time for semen analysis has been challenged in some studies and many of them have supported the advantages of a second short abstinence ejaculation. More evidence is needed to approve this for clinical use. This study aimed to compare the average routine abstinence time (2-7 days) with the short time (1-2 h) on sperm quality based on functional parameters in a population of oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) men.

Tacrolimus, Cytochrome P450, Interactions with Food Variables in Organ Transplant Recipients; A Current and Comprehensive Review.

The well-established calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, as an immunosuppressive agent, is widely prescribed after organ transplantation. Cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) isoforms are responsible for the metabolism of many features associated with food parameters like phytochemicals, juices, and fruits. This review article summarizes the findings of previous studies to help predict the efficacy or side effects of tacrolimus in the presence of food variables.

Machine learning-based interpretation of non-contrast feature tracking strain analysis and T1/T2 mapping for assessing myocardial viability.

Assessing myocardial viability is crucial for managing ischemic heart disease. While late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for viability evaluation, it has limitations, including contraindications in patients with renal dysfunction and lengthy scan times. This study investigates the potential of non-contrast CMR techniques-feature tracking strain analysis and T1/T2 mapping-combined with machine learning (ML) models, as an alternative to LGE-CMR for myocardial viability assessment.

Effect of flood on the cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in northeast of Iran: an interrupted time series study.

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonosis infection which is endemic in more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and America. It was estimated that nearly 20 thousand of new cases are reported in Iran annually. This study aimed to investigate the impact of floods on the incidence of leishmaniasis in Golestan province (northeast of Iran) over nine years, from 2015 to 2023.