Risk of dementia following herpes zoster infection among patients undertreatment versus those not: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: According to the previous studies, herpes zoster (HZ) has been associated with cognitive function and dementia. There is a hypothesis claiming that dementia risk may be reduced by receiving the antiviral treatment for HZ. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to shed light on the association between dementia and HZ in individuals receiving and not receiving antiviral medications.

Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.

Background And Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS results from an inflammatory process leading to the loss of neural tissue and increased disability over time. The role of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), as one of the most common global viruses, in MS development has been the subject of several studies.

Fulminant multiple sclerosis versus autoimmune encephalitis: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in prognosis of fulminant multiple sclerosis, and its similar management with autoimmune encephalitis in some clinical settings, in which these diseases are indistinguishable. This case also supports the use of rituximab in these patients with an adequate response to plasmapheresis.

Abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of fulminant multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as Marburg' or malignant variant of MS (MVMS), is of great value in reducing morbidity and mortality.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids triggered by Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report and brief literature review.

Key Clinical Message: We presented a patient, diagnosed with lymphoma-associated CLIPPERS, 11 years after lymphoma treatment. Therefore, CLIPPERS may be paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of lymphoma, which needs to be considered in the follow-up of lymphoma cases.

Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare central nervous system disorder with a recent increase in incidence.

Comparing the hippocampal volumetric atrophy between demented and nondemented individuals with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions in the world and, when combined with dementia, can lead to immense cerebral volume loss. Of significant importance among all cerebral regions, is the hippocampus. This region plays a pivotal role in memory, and understanding its pathological alterations can answer vital questions regarding dementia.

Neurosarcoidosis in an adult man with a family history of MS: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: According to this report, a biopsy revealed a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis in a patient with a history of MS. The development of the disease can be slowed down by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Abstract: Neurosarcoidosis is a rare type of sarcoidosis that affects the central nervous system (CNS).

Fingolimod-induced bladder lymphoma in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Key Clinical Message: Malignancies were reported in some studies following taking Fingolimod. We reported a case of bladder lymphoma after taking Fingolimod. Physicians should consider the carcinogenic effects of Fingolimod in long-term use and replace it with safer medicines.

Bell's palsy after Sputnik V COVID-19 (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccination.

A possible association between Bell's palsy and COVID-19 vaccination has been suggested previously. Here, we report two cases of facial nerve hemiparalysis following the Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccination in a 27-year-old female patient and a 58-year-old male patient who were both clinically diagnosed with Bell's palsy.