Comparison prediction models of bladder toxicity based on radiomic features of CT and MRI in patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the radiomic features of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the bladder wall before radiotherapy using machine learning (ML) methods to predict bladder radiotoxicity in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: This study enrolled 70 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer who were candidates for radiation therapy (RT). CT and MRI of the bladder wall before radiotherapy were used to extract radiomic features.

Dosiomics-based detection of dose distribution variations in helical tomotherapy for prostate cancer patients: influence of treatment plan parameters.

The stability of dosiomics features (DFs) and dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters for detecting disparities in helical tomotherapy planned dose distributions was assessed. Treatment plans of 18 prostate patients were recalculated using the followings: field width (WF) (2.5 vs.

Safety evaluation of the trastuzumab biosimilar in Iranian women with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy: a post-marketing surveillance.

Background: Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This post-marketing surveillance evaluates the safety of a trastuzumab biosimilar (AryoTrust), produced by AryoGen Co. Iran in Iranian women with HER2-positive non-metastatic breast cancer (BC).

Prospective Prediction of Treatment Response in High-Grade Glioma Patients using Pre-Treatment Tumor ADC Value and miR-222 and miR-205 Expression Levels in Plasma.

Background: Treatment response in High-grade Glioma (HGG) patients changes based on their genetic and biological characteristics. MiRNAs, as important regulators of drug and radiation resistance, and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) value of tumor can be used as a prognostic predictor for glioma.

Objective: This study aimed to identify some of the pre-treatment individual patient features for predicting the treatment response in HGG patients.

Post-chemo-radiotherapy response and pseudo-progression evaluation on glioma cell types by multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective study.

Background: We focused on Differentiated pseudoprogression (PPN) of progression (PN) and the response to radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using diffusion and metabolic imaging.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with glioma were included in this prospective study (approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (IRCT20230904059352N1) in September 2023). Contrast-enhanced lesion volume (CELV), non-enhanced lesion volume (NELV), necrotic tumor volume (NTV), and quantitative values ​​of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr) were calculated by a neuroradiologist using a semi-automatic method.

Radiomics based predictive modeling of rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: CT and MRI comparison.

Background: Rectal toxicity is one of the common side effects after radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients. Radiomics is a non-invasive and low-cost method for developing models of predicting radiation toxicity that does not have the limitations of previous methods. These models have been developed using individual patients' information and have reliable and acceptable performance.

Prediction of Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) After Radiation Therapy Using Imaging and Molecular Biomarkers and Multivariate Modelling.

The aim of this study was to design a predictive radiobiological model of normal brain tissue in low-grade glioma following radiotherapy based on imaging and molecular biomarkers. Fifteen patients with primary brain tumors prospectively participated in this study and underwent radiation therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained from the patients, including T1- and T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and a generalized equivalent dose (gEUD) was calculated.

Auto-Segmentation and Classification of Glioma Tumors with the Goals of Treatment Response Assessment Using Deep Learning Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm in adults. Radiotherapy is a treatment approach in glioma patients, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a beneficial diagnostic tool in treatment planning. Treatment response assessment in glioma patients is usually based on the Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) criteria.

Investigating the number of radiation fields in intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans of optic nerve sheath meningioma patients using dose gradient index.

: In optic nerve radiotherapy, vital organs are very close to the target volume, they are highly sensitive to radiation and have low dose tolerance. In this regard, evaluating dose fall-off steepness around the target volume is required to assess various intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans in the treatment of the optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) patients.: Thirteen ONSM patients were analyzed with three IMRT techniques, including three (IMRT-3F), five (IMRT-5F), and seven fields (IMRT-7F).

PrACTiC: A Predictive Algorithm for Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Cytopenia in Glioblastoma Patients.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced cytopenia is the most frequent side effect of chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma patients which may lead to reduced delivery of treatment. This study aims to develop a predictive model that is able to forecast the cytopenia induced by temozolomide (TMZ) during concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Medical records of 128 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were evaluated to extract the baseline complete blood test before and during the six weeks of chemoradiotherapy to create a dataset for the development of ML models.

Early Detection of Radiation-Induced Injury and Prediction of Cognitive Deficit by MRS Metabolites in Radiotherapy of Low-Grade Glioma.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity of MRS metabolites and MoCA and ACE-R cognitive tests in the detection of radiation-induced injury in low grade glioma (LGG) patients in early and early delayed postradiation stages.

Methods: MRS metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr, ACE-R and MoCA cognitive tests, and dosimetric parameters in corpus callosum were analyzed during RT and up to 6-month post-RT for ten LGG patients.

Results: Compared to pre RT baseline, a significant decline in both NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the corpus callosum was seen at the 4th week of RT, 1, 3, and 6-month post-RT.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of stem cell factor plasma level in glioblastoma multiforme patients.

Background: Investigation of novel blood-circulating agents as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients' diagnosis and monitoring has gained lots of attention, due to limitations of imaging modalities and invasive tissue biopsy procedures. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of preoperative stem cell factor (SCF) plasma level in GBM patients.

Methods: Preoperative plasma samples from 58 GBM patients and 20 patients with nonglial tumors and 30 healthy controls were obtained.

A radiobiological comparison of hypo-fractionation versus conventional fractionation for breast cancer 3D-conformal radiation therapy.

Background: The present research was aimed to compare the toxicity and effectiveness of conventional fractionated radiotherapy versus hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer utilizing a radiobiological model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five left-sided breast cancer patients without involvement of the supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes (with the nodal stage of N0) that had been treated with conventional or hypo-fractionated were incorporated in this study. A radiobiological model was performed to foretell normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and tumor control probability (TCP).

Optimization of Mouse-on-Mouse Immunohistochemistry by Utilizing Fluorescent-dye Conjugated Secondary Anti-Mouse Antibody.

The application of mouse monoclonal antibody for immunostaining the mouse tissues results in a high rate of background noise because of the interaction of the secondary antibody with endogenous immunoglobulins and other immune components. The most advised blocking strategy for the mouse-on-mouse immunostaining is the use of anti-mouse Fab fragments. Nevertheless, the commercial kits containing Fab fragment are costly and unavailable in many research laboratories.

Dose perturbation due to dental amalgam in the head and neck radiotherapy: A phantom study.

Dental amalgam, causes perturbation in photon dose distribution of head and neck (H&N) radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dental amalgam on dose distribution of H&N radiotherapy and accuracy of dose calculations algorithm of commercial treatment planning system (TPS). In this study, the measurements were performed using a constructed H&N anthropomorphic.

Evaluation of rs1982073 polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and invasive form of primary malignant brain tumors, with a survival rate of about 1 year. Transforming growth factor-β1 () plays a very important role in tissue homeostasis and cancers. It seems that polymorphism of T29C (L10P, rs1982073, or rs1800470), which has been studied in various cancers such as breast and colon, creates the significant differences plays an important role in GBM prognosis and treatment.

Utilizing 808 nm laser for sensitizing of melanoma tumors to megavoltage radiation therapy.

Melanotic melanoma has high content of melanin and laser can destroy melanin-containing cells through thermal effect. In this study, the therapeutic effect of 808 nm laser therapy was investigated on B16-F10 melanoma tumor growth and tumor-bearing mice survival time. In addition, as laser can destroy melanin as the main cause of melanoma radioresistance, the effect of laser administration to enhance radiation therapy efficacy at B16-F10 cancer cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Ultra-small but ultra-effective: Folic acid-targeted gold nanoclusters for enhancement of intracranial glioma tumors' radiation therapy efficacy.

The aim of the present study is to investigate folic acid and BSA decorated gold nanoclusters (FA-AuNCs) effect on the enhancement of intracranial C6 glioma tumors radiation therapy (RT) efficacy. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements exhibited about 2.5 times more FA-AuNCs uptake by C6 cancer cells (32.

Evaluating the effect of the vacuum bag on the dose distribution in radiation therapy.

Introduction: Immobilization of patients in radiation therapy can be performed with a vacuum bag (VB). The aim of this study is to measure the effect of the VB in the surface and depth dose of patients in radiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: The effect of the VB on the surface dose and depth dose is measured in clinical conditions.

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Pancreas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature for the Last Updates.

The most prevalent type of soft tissue sarcoma is undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) or previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. It accounts over 20% of all soft tissue sarcomas and occurs most frequently in the extremities, trunk, and retroperitoneum. However, it has been rarely observed in the digestive system.

Comparison and Evaluation of Different Treatment Plans with IFRT Field and 6 and 18 MV Energies in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Involvement Neck and Mediastinum.

Background: Radiotherapy with large mantle field is an effective technique in increasing the risk of secondary cancers among HL (Hodgkin Lymphoma) patients; therefore, it is essential to choose an effective treatment field including the least medical conditions in radiotherapy.

Objective: The present study aimed to plan separate fields for neck and mediastinum using various energies, to compare dose distribution with MLC and to block field formation.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 3D conformal treatments, Siemens Oncor accelerator equipped with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) were performed to create anterior-posterior fields.

Assessment of Imprecise Small Photon Beam Modeling by Two Treatment Planning System Algorithms.

Background: Dosimetric accuracy in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the main part of quality assurance program. Improper beam modeling of small fields by treatment planning system (TPS) can lead to inaccuracy in treatment delivery. This study aimed to evaluate of the dose delivery accuracy at small segments of IMRT technique using two-dimensional (2D) array as well as evaluate the capability of two TPSs algorithm in modeling of small fields.

Evaluating the Impact of Various Parameters on the Gamma Index Values of 2D Diode Array in IMRT Verification.

Background: MapCHECK2 is a two-dimensional diode arrays planar dosimetry verification system. Dosimetric results are evaluated with gamma index. This study aims to provide comprehensive information on the impact of various factors on the gamma index values of MapCHECK2, which is mostly used for IMRT dose verification.

Evaluation of Effective Parameters on Quality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-computed Tomography Image Fusion in Head and Neck Tumors for Application in Treatment Planning.

Background: In radiation therapy, computed tomography (CT) simulation is used for treatment planning to define the location of tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-CT image fusion leads to more efficient tumor contouring. This work tried to identify the practical issues for the combination of CT and MRI images in real clinical cases.

Dosimetric and Radiobiological Evaluation of Multiparametric MRI-Guided Dose Painting in Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer.

Radiotherapy is one of the treatment options for locally advanced prostate cancer; however, with standard radiation doses, it is not always very effective. One of the strategies to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy is increasing the dose. In this study, to increase tumor local control rates, a new radiotherapy method, known as dose painting (DP), was investigated.