Do joint-preserving hip procedures compromise subsequent total hip arthroplasty? A meta-analysis of complications, functional outcome and survivorship.

Background: Joint-preserving hip operations can help relieve pain and delay the need for long-term joint arthroplasty. Previous research has not identified procedures that can compromise outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of joint-preserving hip operations on outcomes following subsequent THA.

The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes.

Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease represented by multifactorial metabolic dysfunctions, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. The once-held belief that type 1 diabetes is a disease of people who are lean no longer holds. The mounting epidemiological data now establishes the connection between type 1 diabetes and the subsequent development of obesity, or vice versa.

Prevalence of and factors associated with scrub typhus exposure among the hill tribe population living in high incidence areas in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Scrub typhus is a significant tropical disease, occurring in rural settings and therefore usually afflicting remote agricultural populations who have lower socioeconomic status and limited access to medical care. A large proportion of the hill tribe people in Thailand are financially poor, have limited education, and do not have adequate health care access. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine factors associated with scrub typhus exposure among the hill tribe population living in high-incidence areas in northern Thailand.

Biomarkers of Hepatic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk.

Purpose Of Review: The objective of this manuscript is to examine the current literature on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) biomarkers and their correlation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and cardiovascular risk scores.

Recent Findings: There has been a growing appreciation for an independent link between NAFLD and CVD, culminating in a scientific statement by the American Heart Association in 2022. More recently, studies have begun to identify biomarkers of the three NAFLD phases as potent predictors of cardiovascular risk.

Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Background: The use of cerebral oximetry monitoring in the care of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, evidence that its use improves clinical outcomes is lacking.

Methods: In this randomized, phase 3 trial conducted at 70 sites in 17 countries, we assigned extremely preterm infants (gestational age, <28 weeks), within 6 hours after birth, to receive treatment guided by cerebral oximetry monitoring for the first 72 hours after birth or to receive usual care.

Recurrent UPJ obstruction following paediatric pyeloplasty is associated with an initial <2.5cm incision open surgical approach.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors that affect surgical outcomes for pediatric pyeloplasty, and whether this may be related to the choice of operative approach.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate clinicodemographic and operative characteristics of children undergoing dismemberment pyeloplasty by 2 senior pediatric urologists in our tertiary institution between Jan 2008 - Dec 2017. Outcomes included overall complications, re-stenosis, and revision pyeloplasty based on clinic-radiological parameters.

Educational environments in Asian medical schools: A cross-national comparison between Malaysia, Singapore, and China.

Introduction: Perceptions of the educational environment (EE) represent an important source of information on medical students' learning experience. Understanding and addressing these perceptions can help inform initiatives designed to improve the learning experience and educational outcomes, while comparison of student perceptions across medical schools can provide an added perspective. The aim of the study was to compare the EEs of three Asian medical schools: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore and Xiangya School of Medicine, China.

A proteomic signature that reflects pancreatic beta-cell function.

Aim: Proteomics has the potential to enhance early identification of beta-cell dysfunction, in conjunction with monitoring the various stages of type 2 diabetes onset. The most routine method of assessing pancreatic beta-cell function is an oral glucose tolerance test, however this method is time consuming and carries a participant burden. The objectives of this research were to identify protein signatures and pathways related to pancreatic beta-cell function in fasting blood samples.

Epidural pneumatosis associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Pneumomediastinum and epidural pneumatosis are rare complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). These result from the emesis and hyperventilation associated with DKA which lead to alveolar rupture and air escape into the mediastinal and epidural spaces. These complications are often asymptomatic and resolve with the correction of the underlying metabolic abnormality.

An ultra-high density genetic linkage map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) based on a reference shotgun genome assembly.

Background And Aims: High density genetic linkage maps that are extensively anchored to assembled genome sequences of the organism in question are extremely useful in gene discovery. To facilitate this process in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)- and presence/absence variant (PAV)-based genetic linkage map has been developed in an F2 mapping population that has been used as a reference population in numerous studies.

Calcium channel blockade reduces mechanical strain-induced extracellular matrix gene response in lamina cribrosa cells.

Purpose: This study examines the effect of the L-type calcium channel blocker verapamil on mechanical strain-induced extracellular matrix genes in optic nerve head lamina cribrosa (LC) cells.

Methods: Changes in LC cell intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)]i following hypotonic cell membrane stretch were measured with the fluorescent probe fura-2/AM. Fluorescence intensity was measured, after labelling, by calcium (Ca2+) imaging confocal microscopy.

Vitamin D status in Irish children and adolescents: value of fortification and supplementation.

Background: Vitamin D has important skeletal and extraskeletal roles but those living at northerly latitudes are at risk of suboptimal levels because of reduced sunlight exposure.

Aim: To describe the vitamin D status of Irish children and identify factors predictive of vitamin D status.

Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken over a 12 month period.

Expression of the Wilm's tumor gene WT1 during diaphragmatic development in the nitrofen model for congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: The nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) reproduces a typical diaphragmatic defect. However, the exact pathomechanism of CDH is still unknown. The Wilm's tumor 1 gene (WT1) is crucial for diaphragmatic development.

Tuberculosis in cattle: new perspectives.

Today, the risk to human health is at a low level in most developed countries. This has shifted the emphasis to the trading implications of the disease in cattle and has led to a deterioration in the appreciation of risk by all except those who are directly affected by the occurrence of tuberculosis in their herd. The success of earlier national bovine tuberculosis eradication programmes was achieved at a time when herds were smaller, the intensity and demands of production lower, and before the emergence of a significant wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis.

Revisiting the concepts of community care and community health nursing.

As care moves away from hospital settings, continual re-evaluation of community nursing and health care is essential for the wellbeing of patients. With the approach of the year 2000, Jean Clarke examines World Health Organization objectives, particularly in light of the Health for All (1998) policy.