Measurement of CP Violation Observables in D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} Decays.

A search for violation of the charge-parity (CP) symmetry in the D^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay is presented, with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. A novel model-independent technique is used to compare the D^{+} and D^{-} phase-space distributions, with instrumental asymmetries subtracted using the D_{s}^{+}→K^{-}K^{+}π^{+} decay as a control channel.

Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Phytometabolites, Pharmacological Effects, Ethnomedicinal Properties, and Bioeconomic Potential of Velvet Apple (Diospyros discolor Willd.): A Review.

Diospyros discolor Willd., commonly known as Velvet apple or Mabolo, is an underutilized fruit. Traditionally, various parts of D.

cSTAR analysis identifies endothelial cell cycle as a key regulator of flow-dependent artery remodeling.

Fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood flow sensed by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) determines vessel behavior, but regulatory mechanisms are only partially understood. We used cell state transition assessment and regulation (cSTAR), a powerful computational method, to elucidate EC transcriptomic states under low shear stress (LSS), physiological shear stress (PSS), high shear stress (HSS), and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) that induce vessel inward remodeling, stabilization, outward remodeling, or disease susceptibility, respectively. Combined with a publicly available database on EC transcriptomic responses to drug treatments, this approach inferred a regulatory network controlling EC states and made several notable predictions.

Parkinson's disease screening using a fusion of gait point cloud and silhouette features.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is often accompanied by slowness of movement (bradykinesia) or gradual reduction in the frequency and amplitude of repetitive movement (hypokinesia). There is currently no cure for PD, but early detection and treatment can slow down its progression and lead to better treatment outcomes. Vision-based approaches have been proposed for the early detection of PD using gait.

Should formalities be less formal? A comparative study of patient preferences on formalities and accommodation choices from 1999 to 2023.

Purpose: To explore if patients' preferences regarding formalities and inpatient accommodation during their inpatient hospital experience have changed since 1999.

Methods: A ten-item survey was administered to an inpatient sample in an urban teaching hospital and compared with results from a similar survey in 1999.

Results: The majority (98.

Markets and medicines discussed by BVA Council.

Two veterinary issues that look set to dominate 2025 - the ongoing Competition and Markets Authority investigation and access to veterinary medicines in Northern Ireland - featured high on the agenda at a hybrid online/in person BVA Council meeting on 11 December 2024.

Treatment of Seizures in People with Intellectual Disability.

There is a synergistic relationship between epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID), and the approach to managing people with these conditions needs to be holistic. Epilepsy is the main co-morbidity associated with ID, and clinical presentation tends to be complex, associated with higher rates of treatment resistance, multi-morbidity and premature mortality. Despite this relationship, there is limited level 1 evidence to inform treatment choice for this vulnerable population.

Method to define recommended portion sizes for consumer guidance.

Purpose: Provision of nutrition information is mandated for packaged foods, but few countries regulate serving sizes. Our objective was to develop a methodology to establish globally consistent portion size recommendations for both nutrient-dense and discretionary foods.

Methods: A stepwise systematic approach incorporated portion values from serving size regulations (n = 10), food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG; n = 90, aggregated into 6 regions), and reported food intakes from Europe and Australia.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Most research initiatives have emerged from high-income countries (HIC), leaving a gap in understanding the disease's genetic basis in diverse populations like those in Latin American countries (LAC). ReDLat tackles this gap, focusing on LAC's unique genetics and socioeconomic factors to identify specific Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) risk factors in Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Brazil.

Method: We employed a comprehensive genetic analysis approach, integrating Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), Exome Sequencing, and SNP arrays to understand the cohort's unique genetic architecture.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) shares pathological and genetic underpinnings with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ALS manifests with diverse symptoms, including progressive neuro-motor degeneration, muscle weakness, but also cognitive-behavioural changes in up to half of the cases. Resting-state EEG measures, particularly spectral power and functional connectivity, have been instrumental for discerning abnormal motor and cognitive network function in ALS [1]-[3].

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) research criteria were recently published and further work is needed to characterize the neuropsychological profile and refine clinical criteria. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the cognitive performance of mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) groups to controls, MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), and DLB.

Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched the literature for 1) English-language studies on MCI-LB; 2) published January 1990-March 2023, 3) with ≥1 standardized cognitive measure; and 4) comparison data from controls, MCI-AD, and/or DLB.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Loneliness is associated with lower cognitive function and may increase dementia risk. However, it is unclear if this effect is mediated by depression. Resolving this issue is important to design effective interventions to promote healthy aging.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Promoting gender diversity and ergonomic equity in the cardiac surgery operating room.

Purpose Of Review: The operating room (OR) infrastructure and equipment such as gloves, were historically designed at a time when most surgeons were male. Today, there are increasing numbers of females in the OR and we should ensure that there is not a disproportionate risk of ergonomic stress and risk of work-related injuries. This review provides a perspective on the representation of female cardiac surgeons globally and examines the unique ergonomic challenges they may face.

KPRR: a novel machine learning approach for effectively capturing nonadditive effects in genomic prediction.

Nonadditive genetic effects pose significant challenges to traditional genomic selection methods for quantitative traits. Machine learning approaches, particularly kernel-based methods, offer promising solutions to overcome these limitations. In this study, we developed a novel machine learning method, KPRR, which integrated a polynomial kernel into ridge regression to effectively capture nonadditive genetic effects.

Breastfeeding Challenges Experienced by Mothers Following Multiple Births-a Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed-Methods Studies.

Breastfeeding is vital for infant nutrition, especially for multiple babies (twins) born prematurely, yet breastfeeding rates among mothers of twins are lower compared with mothers of singleton babies. This review presents a synthesis of research findings on breastfeeding challenges experienced by mothers following twins' births. The electronic databases of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched in August 2023.

Firsts in their field: the perceptions of women who have led the way.

The role women play in sport has been the subject of considerable discussion and research since the nineteen seventies. Much of this research has been descriptive or focused on the barriers, women face in advancing into a leadership role in a sporting organization. In an attempt to enrich the picture, women role models who occupy or have occupied leadership roles in sporting organizations were identified to gain their perspective, in their own words, on the challenges and requirements needed to be successful.

Access to Healthy Built and Natural Environments and Physical Activity and Screen Time in New Zealand Adolescents: A Geospatial Cross-Sectional Study.

The built and natural environment can facilitate (un)healthy behaviors in adolescence. However, most previous studies have focused on examining associations between singular aspects of the environment. This study examined the association between the mixture of health-promoting and health-constraining environmental features in a Healthy Location Index (HLI) and physical activity and screen time among adolescents.

A Narrative Review of Invasive Candidiasis in the Intensive Care Unit.

species is the most common cause of invasive fungal infection in the critically ill population admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous risk factors for developing invasive candidiasis (IC) have been identified, and some, like the breach of protective barriers, abound within the ICU. Given that IC carries a significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare cost burden, early diagnosis and treatment have become an essential topic of discussion.

The uropathologist of the future: getting ready with intelligence for the prostate cancer tsunami.

According to the recently published paper by the Lancet Commission on prostate cancer (PCa) , the projections of new cases of PCa will rise from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040.