Exploring how health inequalities are conceptualised and measured in patient experience surveys in acute care: a protocol for a scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map measured and overlooked health inequalities in patient experience surveys in acute care and to explore the potential consequences of different conceptualisations of these health inequalities.

Introduction: Measuring patient experience has become standard practice in many countries. However, despite the widespread awareness of the impact of health inequalities on various aspects of health, including patient experience, a comprehensive examination of whether and how health inequalities are measured in patient experience surveys has yet to be completed.

Somatic Malignancies Arising in Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratomas: A Multi-Institutional Study of 40 Cases Highlighting Outcomes and Novel Malignancies.

Somatic malignancy arising in ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a relatively rare phenomenon with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.17% to 5.5%.

Dissociation between the expression of cGAS/STING and a senescence-associated signature in colon cancer.

Objective: The effect of the cGAS/STING pathway on antitumor immunity and its connection to senescence in vivo necessitates further investigation.

Introduction: Cellular senescence and its secretory phenotype (the SASP) are implicated in modulating the immune microenvironment of cancer possibly through the cGAS/STING pathway.

Methods: Gene expression data from paired colon cancer and adjacent non-malignant mucosa (98 patients,  = 196 samples; 65 patients,  = 130 samples) were analyzed for cGAS/STING and a senescence signature.

'It can be very complicated': A qualitative analysis of clinicians' practices and perspectives on treating adolescents with nonspecific persistent back pain.

ObjectiveTo explore the practices, perspectives and beliefs of clinicians treating adolescents with nonspecific persistent back pain.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using individual, semi-structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to code interview transcripts and generate relevant themes.

Effects of organic acid-preserved cereal grains in sow diets during late gestation and lactation on the performance and faecal microbiota of sows and their offspring.

Background: Organic acids (OA) and maternal nutritional strategies have been demonstrated to promote piglet health and development. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of incorporating OA-preserved cereal grains into sow diets during late gestation and lactation, aiming to reduce the metabolic demands of lactation while optimising offspring development and growth until slaughter. The experiment compared OA-preserved wheat and barley to conventionally dried grains, focusing on sow and offspring performance, as well as their faecal microbiota during lactation.

Sex differences in electrical activity of the brain during sleep: a systematic review of electroencephalographic findings across the human lifespan.

Background: With the explosion of techniques for recording electrical brain activity, our recognition of neurodiversity has expanded significantly. Yet, uncertainty exists regarding sex differences in electrical activity during sleep and whether these differences, if any, are associated with social parameters. We synthesised existing evidence applying the PROGRESS-Plus framework, which captures social parameters that may influence brain activity and function.

Stakeholder perceptions of dementia in Colombia: a qualitative study.

Background: The global rise in dementia prevalence poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where resources for diagnosis, treatment, and support are constrained. Addressing this issue, the World Health Organization's 2017-2025 global action plan on dementia envisions a future where dementia is preventable, and individuals with dementia and their caregivers receive dignified support.

Methods: Using a qualitative research design, this study explores stakeholder perspectives on dementia in Colombia, framed by the World Health Organization's global action plan.

The core microbiomes and associated metabolic potential of water kefir as revealed by pan multi-omics.

Water kefir (WK) is an artisanal fermented beverage made from sugary water, optional fruits and WK grains. WK grains can be reused to start new fermentations. Here we investigate the microbial composition and function of 69 WK grains and their ferments by shotgun metagenomics.

Genome-specific association study (GSAS) for exploration of variability in hemp (Cannabis sativa).

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile crop with substantial potential for creating productive, sustainable, and resilient agricultural systems. However, in contrast to other crops such as cereals, hemp is highly heterozygous, resulting in both challenges and opportunities for agriculture, breeding, and research.

Glycerol intoxication syndrome in young children, following the consumption of slush ice drinks.

Introduction: Slush ice drinks are commonly available refreshments, aimed at children and young people. Glycerol is used to maintain the slush effect in the absence of a high sugar content.

Objective: To describe a series of children who became acutely unwell shortly after consuming a slush ice drink; their presentation mimics specific inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs).

Response of neuronal populations to phase-locked stimulation: model-based predictions and validation.

Modulation of neuronal oscillations holds promise for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nonetheless, conventional stimulation in a continuous open-loop manner can lead to side effects and suboptimal efficiency. Closed-loop strategies such as phase-locked stimulation aim to address these shortcomings by offering a more targeted modulation.

Genome-scale resources in the infant gut symbiont Bifidobacterium breve reveal genetic determinants of colonization and host-microbe interactions.

Bifidobacteria represent a dominant constituent of human gut microbiomes during infancy, influencing nutrition, immune development, and resistance to infection. Despite interest in bifidobacteria as a live biotic therapy, our understanding of colonization, host-microbe interactions, and the health-promoting effects of bifidobacteria is limited. To address these major knowledge gaps, we used a large-scale genetic approach to create a mutant fitness compendium in Bifidobacterium breve.

Implementing the 'Integrated Model for Supervision' for mental health and psychosocial support programming within humanitarian emergencies: A mixed-methods evaluation across six humanitarian contexts.

Background: The 'Integrated Model for Supervision' (IMS) offers important guidance for how to provide supportive supervision within mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programming in humanitarian emergencies. The current study sought to (i) describe how the IMS was implemented following IMS training; (ii) assess whether delivery of the IMS training is associated with changes in a selection of theoretically supported quantitative outcomes; and (iii) elicit feedback on the IMS and its implementation process.

Methods: Data was collected from a participant pool of n = 119 individuals from six different humanitarian organisations that had previously participated in an IMS training.

An Investigation of Pre-stimulus EEG for Prediction of Driver Reaction Time.

Driver drowsiness significantly contributes to road accidents worldwide, and timely prediction of driver reaction time is crucial for developing effective advanced driver assistance systems. In this paper, we present an EEG-based prediction framework that investigates the impact of different pre-stimulus time windows, frequency band combinations, and channel groups on driver reaction time estimation using data from a 90-minute sustained attention driving task. Our systematic evaluation using a publicly available dataset of 24 drivers reveals that a 2-second pre-stimulus window yields the lowest prediction error.

Proposing the Integrated Pathway Model of Moral Injury (IPM-MI): A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Moral Injury Among Secure Mental Healthcare Staff.

Moral injury is a prevalent issue for secure mental healthcare staff, though understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. This multi-study paper explores several developmental, cognitive and emotional pathways to moral injury and associated wellbeing outcomes. Frontline and support staff from secure mental healthcare services were recruited to two cross-sectional studies ( = 527 and  = 325, respectively), and completed several questionnaires.

A Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis of Vicarious Trauma Findings Among Nurses Working in Addiction Services.

Background: Vicarious trauma (VT) can have major negative consequences for those working with patients who have experienced trauma. The topic has been investigated for over three decades, and yet, the role of VT among nurses working in addiction services remains underresearched.

Aim: The aims of this study were to identify what is known and to report on the gaps in the literature on VT among nurses working in addiction services.

Population-based Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire in Resource-limited Settings.

Rationale: Spirometry, while necessary for the diagnosis of COPD, remains a scarce and costly resource worldwide. Screening questionnaires may help to bridge the diagnostic gap.

Objectives: We evaluated the performance of the St.

From Polymers to Rings and Back Again: Chemical Recycling of Polyesters to Macrolactones.

Cyclic anhydride and epoxide ring-opening copolymerization is a versatile and controlled route to make polyesters, gaining attention in different application sectors but so far the chemical recycling of these polyesters to cyclic monomers is under-explored. Here, the catalytic chemical recycling of aliphatic polyesters to selectively form 16- and 18-membered lactones is presented. The recycling reactions are catalysed using commercial tin octoate and conducted in the polymer melt (230 °C) resulting in high conversions to the macro-lactones (>90%).

Clinical Heterogeneity and Transitions of Obesity in Mexico. A Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Representative National Surveys.

Background: There is large variation in the individual risk of developing obesity-associated comorbidities. While obesity is highly prevalent in Mexico, data on the extent and heterogeneity of its associated co-morbidities is lacking. Hereby, we estimated the prevalence of different obesity-associated comorbidities, and how they have changed over 15 years.

Living With and Managing Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: Mixed Methods Analysis of Patient Insights From Social Media.

Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) affect more than half of women in their lifetime and can impact on quality of life. We analyzed social media posts discussing uUTIs to gather insights into the patient experience, including aspects of their disease management journey and associated opinions and concerns.

Objective: This study aims to gather patient experience insights by analyzing social media posts that discussed uUTI.

Isotopic Exchange between Aqueous Fe(II) and Solid Fe(III) in Lake Sediment─A Kinetic Assemblage Approach.

The catalytic effect of aqueous Fe(II) (Fe) on the transformation of Fe(oxyhydr)oxides has been extensively studied in the laboratory. It involves the transfer of electrons between Fe and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides, rapid atomic exchange of Fe between the two states, and recrystallization of the Fe-oxides into more stable Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides. The potential occurrence of these reactions in natural soils and sediments can have an important impact on biogeochemical cycling of iron, carbon, and phosphorus.

Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels modulate neuroinflammation and extracellular matrix remodelling in multiple sclerosis: insights from a primary cortical cell model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the main neurodegenerative disorder among young adults. Cortical involvement in MS has emerged as an important determinant of disease progression. Although inflammation is recognized as a key feature, the mechanisms of cortical pathology are still poorly understood.

Chiral Drug Resolution Nanochannels Inspired by Mitochondrial Membranes.

Fungicides have been widely used in agricultural production; however, their extensive use has caused serious environmental pollution. Because of its high efficiency, low toxicity, and high selectivity, chiral fungicides can effectively reduce the amount of fungicides and increase the efficiency. Hence, how to efficiently separate the enantiomers of chiral drugs with different structures is of significant research value.