Total Synthesis of the Membrane Spanning Tetraether Lipid brGDGT Ia and Elucidation of its Stereochemical Configuration.

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are a group of membrane spanning lipids produced by both Archaea and Bacteria. Branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) are a class of these tetraether lipids known to be produced by certain bacteria and are commonly found in terrestrial environments. Due to their environmental ubiquity, high preservation potential, and role in membrane adaptation, brGDGTs form the basis of many widely employed paleoenvironmental proxies.

Impact of changes in gestational diabetes mellitus diagnostic criteria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background/aims: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Health Service Executive (HSE) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) recommended fasting and random plasma glucose (FPG/RPG) alongside glycated haemoglobin (HbA) to replace the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).

Methods: The study compared testing patterns and diagnostic rates for GDM before and after implementing the RCOG guidelines (01/05/2020) in pregnancies beginning 01/11/2018 to 31/03/2021. Trends were inspected using Cochrane-Armitage tests.

Pseudobulbar affect: clinical associations, social impact and quality of life implications - Lessons from PLS.

Background: Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a well-recognised and troublesome clinical phenomenon in a range of neuroinflammatory, neoplastic, neurovascular and neurodegenerative conditions. It is often under-recognised in the community, frequently mistaken for psychiatric manifestations, appropriate pharmacological treatment is often delayed, and may result in a sense of embarrassment or lead to social isolation. Despite its considerable quality of life (QoL) implications and the challenges associated with its effective management, it is notoriously understudied.

IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT): a small animal acute myocardial infarction randomized-controlled multicenter study on the effect of ischemic preconditioning.

Although many cardioprotective interventions have been shown to limit infarct size (IS), in preclinical animal studies of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), their clinical translation to patient benefit has been largely disappointing. A major factor is the lack of rigor and reproducibility in the preclinical studies. To address this, we have established the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) small animal multisite acute myocardial infarction (AMI) network, with centralized randomization and blinded core laboratory IS analysis, and have validated the network using ischemic preconditioning (IPC).

Investigating the Degradation of Historical Man-Made Cellulose-Derived Textiles via Accelerated Ageing.

Cellulose-derived materials, like paper and cellulose acetate, are known to be vulnerable to degradation within museum collections. Studies have been conducted and degradation markers have been identified on these materials. However, the degradation of man-made cellulose-derived fibres in collections is not well understood.

Enablers and Barriers to an Experience-Based Co-Design Process to Develop Service Improvements in Enhanced Community Care in Ireland: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) is a popular collaborative process where service users and healthcare providers share their experiences of using and delivering services to identify ways to adapt services to enhance those experiences.

Objective: This study aimed to identify enablers and barriers to the successful implementation of EBCD as part of Ireland's recently adopted Enhanced Community Care (ECC) programme.

Design: Service users and staff at two sites (N = 17) participated in an accelerated EBCD process designed to enhance service provision for older people and those living with chronic conditions.

Preserving the Biologically Coherent Generic Concept of , 'Plant Destroyer'.

is a long-established, well known and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from at least twice. Since, cladistically, this renders 'paraphyletic', it has been proposed that evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Runge et al.

Infection by Clonally Related Isolates: The Role of Drinking Water.

Rationale: group bacteria (MABS) cause lethal infections in people with chronic lung diseases. Transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood; the detection of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) has suggested potential for person-to-person transmission.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the role of drinking water in the transmission of MABS.

A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study of Rat Sarcoid (Ras) Activation in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

: Rat sarcoma (Ras) proteins, Kirsten, Harvey, and Neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS, respectively), are a family of GTPases, which are key regulators of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis through signal transduction pathways modulated by growth factors that have been recognized to be dysregulated in PCOS. This study explores Ras signaling proteins and growth factor-related proteins in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). : In a well-validated PCOS database of 147 PCOS and 97 control women, plasma was batch analyzed using Somascan proteomic analysis for circulating KRas, Ras GTPase-activating protein-1 (RASA1), and 45 growth factor-related proteins.

Climate change and gendered vulnerability: A systematic review of women's health.

Background: Climate change is an urgent global threat, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately facing adverse health outcomes. Gendered roles, combined with socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors, exacerbate women's vulnerabilities, increasing the burden of mental health issues, water insecurity, sanitation challenges, and caregiving responsibilities.

Objectives: This review seeks to systematically examine the intersection between climate change and gendered health vulnerabilities, with a particular focus on women.

Ligand-Assisted Colloidal Synthesis of Alkali Metal-Based Ternary Chalcogenide: Nanostructuring and Phase Control in Na-Cu-S System.

The development of sustainable and tunable materials is crucial for advancing modern technologies. We present a controlled synthesis of colloidal Na-Cu-S nanostructures. To overcome the reactivity difference between Na and Cu precursors toward chalcogens in a colloidal synthesis and to achieve metastable phase formation, we designed a single-source precursor for Cu and S.

'Constipation': One word, many meanings amongst persons with cancer: An observational study.

Background: Constipation is common in people with advanced cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and health economic burden, but it is often sub-optimally managed. Despite international consensus diagnostic criteria for functional and opioid-induced constipation (Rome IV diagnostic criteria), the term 'constipation' means different things to different people, impacting assessment, diagnosis and management.

Aim: To investigate the association between persons with advanced cancer self-reporting of constipation, response to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria statements for opioid-induced constipation and differences according to personal demographics.

Recent Advances in Paper-Based Nano-Biosensors for Water-Borne Pathogen Detection: Challenges and Solutions.

Ensuring access to safe water and public health necessitates sensitive, quick, and dependable detection instruments. Conventional techniques frequently have prolonged detection durations, intricate processes, and the requirement for skilled staff. Biosensors augmented with nanomaterials provide enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection of waterborne pathogens.

Attitudes toward conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence with vaginal pessaries: A national survey among Israeli obstetricians and gynecologists.

Objective: To explore the views of Israeli gynecologists regarding the use of vaginal pessaries for management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which are common medical conditions that affect women and can significantly impact their quality of life.

Methods: An electronic survey containing questions assessing knowledge, training, and attitudes regarding the use of vaginal pessaries for POP and SUI was distributed among Israeli gynecologists. Data were collected and recorded anonymously.

Translational approaches to the study of eosinophils in vasculitis.

Eosinophil basic biology, including immunoregulatory functions, plays a complex role in a myriad of disorders where eosinophils play a role. Established in vivo and in vitro models and novel emerging techniques for studying eosinophils are integral to parsing the involvement of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of disorders including vasculitis. Knowledge of translational approaches from eosinophil-associated diseases and their application to eosinophilic vasculitis are highlighted.

Natural killer cells in the lung: novel insight and future challenge in the airway diseases.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells which are present in the lung as circulating and resident cells. They are key players both in airway surveillance and in crosstalk with (COPD) pathogenesis, and they seem to contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. In asthma, NK cell dysfunction was observed mainly in severe forms, and it can lead to a biased type-2 immune response and failure in the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation that characterise both allergic and eosinophilic phenotypes.

Ultrasound-assisted recovery of blackcurrant press cake anthocyanins: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, bioaccessibility, and application in functional gummies.

Blackcurrant press cake (BPC) anthocyanins were recovered using ultrasound-assisted extraction, and the optimal BPC extract was tested for its antioxidant capacity using chemical and biological assays and applied in a functional food model. Extraction at 400 W for 10 min followed by freeze-drying rendered an extract rich in polyphenols (47.83 mg GAE/g), where delphinidin-3-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-glucoside accounted for 75 % of total phenolics.

Corrigendum to "Robotic Partial Nephrectomy in Polycystic Kidneys: Technical Aspects" [Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 67(Supplement 2) (2024) S46].

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Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance maltodextrin.

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Ireland, and co-rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance maltodextrin and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/103. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of maltodextrin as an insecticide and acaricide on all edible and non-edible crops.

Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: In Person Versus Mobile Application Based - Two Case Scenarios.

This study compares the outcomes of traditional face-to-face tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) with mobile-based TRT in India. TRT, comprising directive counseling and sound therapy, aims to help patients habituate to tinnitus. Traditional TRT involves extensive in-person sessions, whereas mobile-based TRT employs interactive applications for weekly video counseling.