Drug Development.

Background: Selecting the optimal dose for clinical development is especially problematic for drugs directed at CNS-specific targets. For drugs with a novel mechanism of action, these problems are often greater. We describe Xanamem's clinical pharmacology, including the approach to dose selection and proof-of-concept studies.

Drug Development.

Background: It is essential that both drug and lifestyle-based interventions aimed at delaying the functional decline in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) capture change in functioning that incorporates the person's voice. Such brain health priorities can vary across populations and it is unclear to what degree findings from the ePSOM program in the UK might apply to the US.

Methods: We conducted an online nationwide study to understand what matters to people aged 50 and older about their brain health in the US.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are cornerstones in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are also prescribed for vascular dementia (VD). Despite their widespread use, patterns of prescribing ChEIs are not fully understood.

Objective: Examine the prevalence, timing, and types of ChEI prescriptions before and after dementia diagnosis including prescribing patterns by patient sex and race.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Low-middle income countries in Latin America, including Brazil, face a higher prevalence of cognitive decline compared to high-income countries, leading to social-economic and healthcare implications. Several studies have showed an association between reduced physical function and cognitive decline. However, there remains a gap in the understanding of this relationship within the older Brazilian population.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The CREST intervention included three components one of which was an eight-week exercise programme. The aim of the programme was to increase the exercise capacity of people with mild to moderate dementia and facilitate social engagement with volunteer older adults from the community supporting a person with dementia, raising awareness and understanding of dementia. We explore the experience of volunteer older adults' participation in the exercise component of the CREST intervention following a five-hour training on dementia awareness and the CREST exercise programme.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Socioeconomic disparities (SED) influence brain health and dementia. Latin America (LA) is characterized by high SED and a disproportionate prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) compared to high-income populations like the United States (US). However, the impact of SED on brain reserve across neurocognitive pathways related to aging and dementia in LA remains unknown.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: As part of the pilot Comprehensive REsilience-building psychoSocial intervenTion (CREST) for people with mild to moderate dementia living in the community, a carer education program was developed. The aim of the program was to develop carers' knowledge and skills regarding dementia to enable them to respond more confidently to the needs of the person with dementia, provide them with 'me time', with an opportunity to focus on their own health needs, meet other carers, and share experiences. This study explores the carers' experience of the program, which consisted of six weekly, 2-hour sessions with each week covering a different topic.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Informal care of older adults impacts the lives of millions worldwide. Critically, low- and middle-income countries have the highest proportion of dementia costs related to informal care. Research suggests that older adults' cognitive decline is associated with burden among caregivers, which corroborates the worsening in caregivers' quality of life and mental health.

Dementia Care Practice.

The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the need to provide support to caregivers of people living with dementia, as one of seven action areas. This is especially crucial in Ghana, where, similar to other Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), the majority of people with dementia reside in the community and are cared for by informal caregivers, often family members. These caregivers usually do not have any training in dementia care and may have limited understanding of the disease and its potential symptoms.

Prognostic Value of Serum TMAO Measurement in Patients with STEMI: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Gut microbiota-derived metabolite Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is increasingly recognized as a potential novel prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Our research work aimed to investigate the potential utility of TMAO measurement in patients with STelevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed from inception to the 1st of February 2024 to identify all studies examining the association between plasma TMAO levels and disease complexity or clinical outcomes in STEMI patients.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Current tools for Alzheimer's disease screening and staging used in clinical research (e.g. ACE-3, ADAS-Cog) require substantial face-to-face time with trained professionals, and may be affected by subjectivity, "white coat syndrome" and other biases.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: It is essential that both drug and lifestyle-based interventions aimed at delaying the functional decline in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) capture change in functioning that incorporates the person's voice. Such brain health priorities can vary across populations and it is unclear to what degree findings from the ePSOM program in the UK might apply to the US.

Methods: We conducted an online nationwide study to understand what matters to people aged 50 and older about their brain health in the US.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Many outcome measures used in AD clinical trials require clinic visits and are paper based, making them infrequent and burdensome 'snapshots', subject to rater bias. A consortium of 10 pharma companies came together with Cumulus Neuroscience to design a solution for frequent, objective, real-world measurement across a range of domains. We present a study that examined the feasibility of asking patients with mild dementia to use the neuroassessment platform repeatedly at home for one year.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Smartphone-based assessments are a promising tool for early detection of cognitive decline in midlife. Previous research has shown such cognitive markers can be sensitive to a range of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors even in healthy adults. However, their sensitivity to genetic risk factors like APOE-e4 is likely to differ by cognitive domain, with evidence of strong negative effects on wayfinding tasks but mixed for other domains.

Is mesh related morbidity the real thread in ventral rectopexy? Results of a retrospective international multicentre comparative analysis of biologic versus synthetic mesh.

Aim: Ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) is an established surgical treatment for rectal prolapse and outlet obstruction. In contrast to continental Europe, in the UK and US the use of synthetic mesh has been abandoned in favour of biologic mesh, due to concerns regarding mesh related morbidity. The current study investigated if either material is superior, in terms of clinical recurrence and mesh related complications.

Association of Anaesthetists guidelines: the use of blood components and their alternatives 2024.

Background: The administration of blood components and their alternatives can be lifesaving. Anaemia, bleeding and transfusion are all associated with poor peri-operative outcomes. Considerable changes in the approaches to optimal use of blood components and their alternatives, driven by the findings of large randomised controlled trials and improved haemovigilance, have become apparent over the past decade.

Computer modelling and vegetable bench test of a bipolar electrode array intended for use in high frequency irreversible electroporation treatment of skin cancer.

Purpose: Pulsed electrical field (PEF) ablation is an energy-based technique used to treat a range of cancers by irreversible electroporation (IRE). Our objective was to use computational and plant-based models to characterize the electric field distribution and ablation zones induced with a commercial 8-needle array-based applicator intended for treatment of skin cancer when high-frequency IRE (H-FIRE) pulses are applied. Electric field characterisation of this device was not previously assessed.

Digital Foetal Scalp Stimulation Versus Foetal Blood Sampling to Assess Foetal Well-Being in Labour: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial.

Objective: To establish whether digital foetal scalp stimulation (dFSS) performs better than foetal blood sampling (FBS) in terms of reducing the rate of caesarean section (CS) in labour, without adversely affecting perinatal outcomes.

Design: A multicentre parallel-group randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Maternity centres in Ireland.

Achieving excellence in paediatric cardiac care in resource limited and resource plentiful settings and building successful care networks across different countries.

Background: The delivery of paediatric cardiac care across the world occurs in settings with significant variability in available resources. Irrespective of the resources locally available, we must always strive to improve the quality of care we provide to our patients and simultaneously deliver such care in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The development of cardiac networks is used widely to achieve these aims.

Optimising an immersive virtual reality behaviour change intervention to support retired and non-working adults to reduce their sedentary behaviour: a mini-focus group interview study.

Objective: Prolonged sedentary behaviour is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers opportunities for retired and non-working adults to take part in meaningful non-sedentary activities that may not be available to them in their natural environment. Using the behaviour change wheel and theoretical domains framework, an IVR intervention prototype was developed.

Airway pressures generated by high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a computational study.

Introduction And Objectives: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is an increasingly popular mode of non-invasive respiratory support for the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Previous experimental studies in healthy subjects have established that HFNC generates flow-dependent positive airway pressures, but no data is available on the levels of mean airway pressure (mP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) generated by HFNC therapy in AHRF patients. We aimed to estimate the airway pressures generated by HFNC at different flow rates in patients with AHRF, whose functional lung volume may be significantly reduced compared to healthy subjects due to alveolar consolidation and/or collapse.

Scaling convolutional neural networks achieves expert level seizure detection in neonatal EEG.

Neonatal seizures require urgent treatment, but often go undetected without expert EEG monitoring. We have developed and validated a seizure detection model using retrospective EEG data from 332 neonates. A convolutional neural network was trained and tested on over 50,000 hours (n = 202) of annotated single-channel EEG containing 12,402 seizure events.

Pen direct writing of multiplex-LFIA for detection of thiamphenicol and tylosin in milk.

Therapeutic and misuse of veterinary drugs, such as antibiotics, can increase the potential risk of residue contamination in animal-derived food products. For milk, these residual antibiotics can have an impact on efficiency in dairy processing factories, as well as economic loss, and can also cause side effects on consumer health. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are gaining popularity for their ease of use, low cost and their fulfilment to the REASSURED (real-time connection/monitoring, easy sampling, affordable, specific, user-friendly, rapid/robust, equipment free, deliverable to end user) criteria.