Are we ready for self-sampling for cervical cancer screening? Insights from service providers and policy makers in Nepal.

Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among women in Nepal, but the country has very low screening rate, with only 8.2% of women being screened. In recent years, a self-sampling kit for testing for the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been developed to allow self-sampling and enable early detection of cervical abnormalities.

Enzymatic Cascades for Stereoselective and Regioselective Amide Bond Assembly.

Amide bond formation is fundamental in nature and is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other valuable products. Current methods for amide synthesis are often step and atom inefficient, requiring the use of protecting groups, deleterious reagents and organic solvents that create significant waste. The development of cleaner and more efficient catalytic methods for amide synthesis remains an urgent unmet need.

Astrocyte proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is suppressed across the lifespan of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.

Absence of the structural protein, dystrophin, results in the neuromuscular disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). In addition to progressive skeletal muscle dysfunction, this multisystemic disorder can also result in cognitive deficits and behavioural changes that are likely to be consequences of dystrophin loss from central neurons and astrocytes. Dystrophin-deficient mdx mice exhibit decreases in grey matter volume in the hippocampus, the brain region that encodes and consolidates memories, and this is exacerbated with ageing.

Variations and Opportunities in Postnatal Management of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.

Importance: Preventive efforts in pregnancy-related alloimmunization have considerably decreased the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). International studies are therefore essential to obtain a deeper understanding of the postnatal management and outcomes of HDFN. Taken together with numerous treatment options, large practice variations among centers may exist.

Understanding the independent samples t test in nursing research.

Critical thinking is required for successful nursing outcomes. For evidence-based practice, there is a need to understand and apply quantitative methods of research and statistical analysis in order to obtain evidence. However, the literature shows that the use of quantitative methods among nurse researchers can be problematic.

Parent-Adolescent Communication, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent perspectives of parent-adolescent communication, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-specific family conflict, self-efficacy, and their relationship to adolescent self-management of T1DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Adolescents completed measures of parent-adolescent communication, T1DM-specific family conflict, self-efficacy, and self-management, which included activation and division of responsibility for management tasks.

Evaluating the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols following oesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are evidence-based care improvement pathways which are perceived to expedite patient recovery following surgery. Their utility in the setting of oesophagectomy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the impact of ERAS protocols on recovery following oesophagectomy compared to standard care.

A genome-wide association study for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in the Thoroughbred horse identifies a candidate gene that regulates myelin structure.

Background: Equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is an economically important upper respiratory tract (URT) disease with a genetic contribution to risk, but genetic variants independent of height have not been identified for Thoroughbreds. The method of clinical assessment for RLN is critical to accurately phenotype groups for genetic studies.

Objectives: To identify genetic risk loci for RLN in Thoroughbreds in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) following high-resolution phenotyping.

Clinical Epidemiology, Etiology, and Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at a Tertiary Center in Bahrain: A Retrospective Study.

Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common major medical emergencies. This study sought to determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of UGIB in the largest major tertiary care center in Bahrain, compared to regional and international cohorts. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with UGIB between April 2021 and April 2022 in Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain's largest tertiary-level public hospital.

Impulsivity behaviors and white matter mediate the relationship between genetic risk for cannabis use disorder and early cannabis use in adolescents.

Background And Aim: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is strongly influenced by genetic factors; however the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood. This study investigated whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a genome-wide association study for CUD in adults predicts cannabis use in adolescents and whether the association can be explained by inter-individual variation in structural properties of brain white matter or risk-taking behaviors.

Design And Setting: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses using data from the IMAGEN cohort, a European longitudinal study integrating genetic, neuroimaging and behavioral measures.

Influence of Asymmetrical Ligand Substitution on the Formation, Stability, and Reactivity of Ruthenium(III)-Hypochlorite Complexes.

Hypohalites are commonly generated in biological systems, mostly with functions related to defense and immune system response. These hypohalites can bind to metal centers and are known for their strong oxidizing properties that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of novel biomimetic Ru(III)-hypochlorite complexes and focus the work on the electronic effects associated with the incorporation of methyl groups in a pentadentate ligand framework in an asymmetric fashion.

Barriers and Enablers of Primary Healthcare Professionals in Health Research Engagement: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Health professional engagement ensures relevant, clinically focused research that informs evidence-based care. Research shows health professionals may not engage optimally in research. Understanding barriers and enablers influencing participation is necessary to enhance engagement.

The novel T107I Inherited prion disease can present as a clinical and biomarker mimic of familial Alzheimer's disease.

Inherited prion diseases (IPD) secondary to mutations of the prion protein gene, exhibit diverse clinical phenotypes, capable of mimicking numerous primary neurodegenerative conditions. We describe the clinical phenotype and neuropathological findings in a family from County Limerick in Ireland presenting with Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive decline and motor symptoms caused by a novel missense mutation of This mutation occurs in the central lysine cluster (CLC; codon 101-110), resulting in substitution of threonine with isoleucine at codon 107 (T107I). This case series highlights that IPD can be hard to distinguish from overlapping clinical syndromes seen in other neurodegenerative diseases.

Safety of Triple-Dose Rifampin in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: There is growing interest in using high-dose rifampin for tuberculosis treatment. Recent studies suggest that triple-dose rifampin (TDR; ≥30 mg/kg/day) may be unsafe. We updated a systematic review to investigate the safety and efficacy of TDR.

Exploring the Synergy of Metallic Antimicrobial Agents in Ternary Blends of PHB/PLA/PCL.

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of antimicrobial additives (ZnO/AgNPs and SiO/AgNPs) on the properties of biodegradable ternary blends composed of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) by examining the morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity index, and cell viability of these blends. Overall, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that AgNPs and SiO exhibited comparable sizes, whereas ZnO was significantly larger, which influences their release profiles and interactions with the blends. The addition of antimicrobials influences the rheology of the blends, acting as compatibilizers by reducing the intermolecular forces between biopolymers.

An (un)answered cry for help: a qualitative study exploring the subjective meaning of eating disorders in the context of transgenerational trauma.

Background: Current research on the transmission of trauma and eating disorders across generations is limited. However, quantitative studies suggest that the influence of parents' and grandparents' eating disorders and their prior exposure to trauma are associated with the development of eating disorders in future generations. Qualitative research exploring personal accounts of the impact of transgenerational trauma on the development of eating disorders has been largely unexplored.

Raising awareness and addressing inequities for people with Down syndrome in South Africa.

Globally, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) face profound inequities in social and health care access. These challenges are further compounded by racial disparities as well as a lack of awareness, research, and support, particularly in the Global South. This commentary discusses the multifaceted challenges and disparities encountered by people with DS in South Africa, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Narratives of incarcerated women in a Prison in Malawi: a qualitative study.

Background: In Malawi, women in prisons make up 2.7% of the total prison population. However, the experiences of women incarcerated are not well documented in the literature.

Implementing Namaste Care in nursing care homes for people with advanced dementia: a systematically constructed review with framework synthesis.

Background: Namaste Care is an intervention designed to improve the quality of life for people with advanced dementia by providing individualised stimulation and personalised activities in a group setting. Current evidence indicates there may be benefits from this intervention, but there is a need to explore the practical realities of its implementation, including potential barriers, enablers, and how it is delivered within the context of nursing care homes.

Objective: To systematically assess the factors involved in implementing Namaste Care for people with advanced dementia in nursing care homes.

CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE) for RNA-based gene editing and delivery.

To address a wide range of genetic diseases, genome editing tools that can achieve targeted delivery of large genes without causing double-strand breaks (DSBs) or requiring DNA templates are necessary. Here, we introduce CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE), a genome editing system that combines the programmability and precision of CRISPR/Cas9 with the RNA-mediated gene insertion capabilities of the human LINE-1 (L1) element. CREATE employs a modified L1 mRNA to carry a payload gene, and a Cas9 nickase to facilitate targeted editing by L1-mediated reverse transcription and integration without relying on DSBs or DNA templates.

Commutability assessment of new standard reference materials (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D using ligand binding and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays.

Commutability is where the measurement response for a reference material (RM) is the same as for an individual patient sample with the same concentration of analyte measured using two or more measurement systems. Assessment of commutability is essential when the RM is used in a calibration hierarchy or to ensure that clinical measurements are comparable across different measurement procedures and at different times. The commutability of three new Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], defined as the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], was assessed through an interlaboratory study.

Tie or do not tie: comparing knot tying hemostasis in tonsillectomy with other methods of hemostasis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This meta-analysis sought to compare knot tying against other methods of haemostasis in terms of post-operative haemorrhage, intraoperative blood loss and tonsillectomy time.

Methods: Two independent reviewers performed a literature search according to PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were consulted, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Embase.

Alkaline phosphatase decline and pain response as predictors of overall survival benefit in patients treated with radium-223: a post hoc analysis of the REASSURE study.

Background: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) declines and pain responses can occur during radium-223 (Ra) treatment, but their association with treatment outcomes is unclear.

Methods: For patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with Ra in the REASSURE study, we investigated whether ALP decline (Week 12) and/or pain response (during treatment) are associated with improved overall survival (OS). The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) was used to assess pain at baseline and pain response (in patients with baseline BPI-SF score ≥2).