Bio-engineered electrospun nanofibrous membranes using cartilage extracellular matrix particles.

Biological and biomimetic decellularized scaffolds can mimic a natural tissue environment to derive cell proliferation and differentiation without eliciting adverse immune responses during tissue regeneration. Polymeric nanofibrous membranes also served as appropriate matrices for cellular behavior because of their resemblance to physical dimensions of natural extracellular matrix (ECM), while they often have insufficient biological cues to address the cellular phenotype. In this study, we designed bio-engineered membranes through covalent immobilization of decellularized ECM (DECM) particles on the surface of electrospun nanofibers and examined the ability of these composite materials for chondrogenesis.