Antimicrobial properties of Graphene sheets embedded with Titanium Oxide and Calcium Oxide nanoparticles for industrial wastewater treatment.

This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of graphene, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) against various microorganisms in dairy wastewater. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of graphene was determined to be 41.66 mg/L for Escherichia coli and 33.

EEG Signals Classification Related to Visual Objects Using Long Short-Term Memory Network and Nonlinear Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Regression.

By gaining insights into how brain activity is encoded and decoded, we enhance our understanding of brain function. This study introduces a method for classifying EEG signals related to visual objects, employing a combination of an LSTM network and nonlinear interval type-2 fuzzy regression (NIT2FR). Here, ResNet is utilized for feature extraction from images, the LSTM network for feature extraction from EEG signals, and NIT2FR for mapping image features to EEG signal features.

Explainable attention based breast tumor segmentation using a combination of UNet, ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet models.

This study utilizes the Breast Ultrasound Image (BUSI) dataset to present a deep learning technique for breast tumor segmentation based on a modified UNet architecture. To improve segmentation accuracy, the model integrates attention mechanisms, such as the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Non-Local Attention, with advanced encoder architectures, including ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet. These attention mechanisms enable the model to focus more effectively on relevant tumor areas, resulting in significant performance improvements.

Biosynthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles fabricated using cell-free supernatant of Pseudomonas fluorescens for antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and photocatalytic applications.

This study investigates the biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) using the cell-free supernatant of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The synthesized FeONPs were characterized through UV-VIS, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, TEM, BET, and VSM analyses. The XRD results confirmed that FeONPs were successfully synthesized and EDX analysis indicated that iron accounted for 89.

Innovative ultrasound assisted synthesis of sponge like cerium dioxide nanostructure using Rosa Damascena extract and its efficient performance for cancer therapy.

In this work, cerium dioxide nanostructures were synthesized in an easy sonochemical way. CeO nanoparticles have received much attention in nanotechnology. CeONPs, exhibit biomimetic properties depending on their size, ratio of valency on their surface, and the ambient physico-chemical properties.

Investigation of mechanical behavior of slag-stabilized rammed earth reinforced by carpet polyacrylic yarn waste.

This investigation addresses the reinforcement of rammed earth (RE) structures by integrating carpet polyacrylic yarn waste (CPYW) generated from the carpet production process and employing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a stabilizer, in conjunction with alkali activators potassium hydroxide (KOH), to enhance their mechanical properties. The study included conducting Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests and Brazilian Tensile Strength (BTS) tests on plain samples, GGBS-stabilized (SS) samples, CPYW-reinforced (CFS) samples, and samples reinforced with a combination of GGBS and CPYW (SCFS). The results showed that the mechanical and resistance properties of the CFS and SCFS samples were improved; these findings were confirmed by the presence of more cohesive GGBS gel and fibers as seen in FE-SEM and microscopic images.

Interpretable real-time monitoring of short-term rockbursts in underground spaces based on microseismic activities.

In this study, two novel hybrid intelligent models were developed to evaluate the short-term rockburst using the random forest (RF) method and two meta-heuristic algorithms, whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and coati optimization algorithm (COA), for hyperparameter tuning. Real-time predictive models of this phenomenon were created using a database comprising 93 case histories, taking into account various microseismic parameters. The results indicated that the WOA achieved the highest overall performance in hyperparameter tuning for the RF model, outperforming the COA.

Differential Item Functioning Analysis of Likert Scales: An Overview and Demonstration of Rating Scale Tree Model.

An important psychometric property in educational and psychological testing is differential item functioning (DIF), assessing whether different subgroups respond differently to particular items within a scale, despite having the same overall ability level. In fact, DIF occurs when respondents with the same underlying trait level have different probabilities of selecting specific response categories, depending on their subgroup membership. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of rating scale tree (RStree) model in detecting DIF of Likert-type scales across age and gender in social sciences.

Deciphering the Genetic and Epidemiological Landscape of Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs) in a Cohort of Eastern Iranian Patients.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) may have significant diagnostic challenges due to their genetic complexity and diverse inheritance patterns. Advanced genotyping tools like exome sequencing (ES) offer promising opportunities for identifying causative variants and improving disease management. This retrospective study was aimed to present prevalent pathogenic and novel variants in patients diagnosed with IRDs using ES.

The effect of Naringin on cognitive function, oxidative stress, cholinergic activity, CREB/BDNF signaling and hippocampal cell damage in offspring rats with utero-placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by utero-placental insufficiency (UPI) results in delayed neural development and impaired brain growth. This study investigates the effects of Naringin (Nar) on memory, learning, cholinergic activity, oxidative stress markers, hippocampal CREB/BDNF signal pathway and cell damage in offspring of rats exposed to UPI. Twenty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, sham surgery, UPI + NS (UPI + normal saline as a vehicle), and UPI + Nar (UPI + Nar at 100 mg/kg/day).

Aging and voluntary exercise's effects on Aβ1-42 levels, endoplasmic reticulum stress factors, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of old male rats.

Within the aging cortex, amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a crucial element of the senile plaques, a hallmark feature often observed in cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The UPR (unfolded protein response), a cellular mechanism for protein folding, is switched on by Aβ accumulation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified as playing a role in aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Biomechanical perspectives on traumatic brain injury in the elderly: A comprehensive review.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose a significant health concern among the elderly population, influenced by age-related physiological changes and the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biomechanical dimensions of TBIs in this demographic is vital for developing effective preventive strategies and optimizing clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the intricate biomechanics of TBIs in the elderly, integrating medical and aging studies, experimental biomechanics of head tissues, and numerical simulations.

Rare encounter: Osteoid osteoma of the coracoid process base - A case report and in-depth literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a common benign bone tumor, mostly affecting young adults. Since it often develops in long bones, OO is rarely considered as a cause of chronic shoulder pain.

Case Presentation: We treated an 8-year-old boy with ongoing shoulder pain that was worse at night but improved with NSAIDs.

Self-Assembled Nanoflowers from Natural Building Blocks with Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Properties.

Polyphenols, natural compounds abundant in phenolic structures, have received widespread attention due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, making them valuable for biomedical applications. However, the green synthesis of polyphenol-based materials with economical and environmentally friendly strategies is of great significance. In this study, a multifunctional wound dressing was achieved by introducing polyphenol-based materials of copper phosphate-tannic acid with a flower-like structure (Cu-TA NFs), which show the reactive oxygen species scavenging performance.

Age-related variations in physical activity, happiness, and psychological well-being: Evidence from Iran.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with higher levels of PWB and happiness. The high prevalence of physical inactivity among the Iranian population is concerning. Moreover, according to the Happiness Report 2024, Iran is ranked 100th out of 143 countries.

Fluoride Exposure and Children's IQ Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Previous meta-analyses suggest that fluoride exposure is adversely associated with children's IQ scores. An individual's total fluoride exposure comes primarily from fluoride in drinking water, food, and beverages.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating children's IQ scores and prenatal or postnatal fluoride exposure.

Study of the effect of zinc oxide, selenium, and silver nanoparticles on the expression level of oxidative stress-associated genes in ovarian cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative stress have emerged as critical factors in the pathophysiology of malignancies. This study investigated the antioxidant and anticancer properties of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. Here, the bioinformatics approach was used to determine the top differentially expressed genes associated with oxidative stress.

Highly Selective and Sensitive Visual Detection of Fe using a Simple Quinazoline-Based Colorimetric Sensor.

Among the various cations, the Fe ion is one of the most critical transition metal ions in living cells for many cellular functions and enzymatic activities. The decrease or overloading of Fe can lead to different disruptions in humans. Also, Fe, highly toxic, is very common in all industrial wastewater.

[In]In-RM2: a high potential agent for SPECT imaging of GRPR-expressing tumors.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) overexpressed in many cancers are known as promising biomarkers to target tumors such as prostate, breast, and lung cancers. As the early diagnosis of the cancers can serve for better treatment of the patients, [In]In-DOTA-Pip-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 ([In]In-RM2) was prepared using an in-house developed Sn/In generator. 0.

Degradation of ciprofloxacin using CoFeO@three-dimensional TiO@graphene aerogels composite: kinetic, reusability, mineralization, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment.

An investigation into the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light was carried out using an efficient photocatalyst, i.e., CoFeO@3D-TiO@GA, synthesized by doping CoFeO@three-dimensional-TiO into a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel.

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves induce selective cytotoxicity in Raji and Jurkat cell lines by activating the P21 pathway independent of P53.

Background: The traditional use of Moringa oleifera (MO), an essential food source in Africa and Asia, to cure various diseases dates back thousands of years. This study examines the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of MO's in vitro anti-leukemia capabilities.

Methods: After preparing aqueous and ethanolic MO leaf extracts, cells were treated with various concentrations for 48 h.

Fractional-order modeling of human behavior in infections: analysis using real data from Liberia.

This paper presents a fractional-order model using the Caputo differential operator to study Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) dynamics, calibrated with Liberian data. The model demonstrates improved accuracy over integer-order counterparts, particularly in capturing behavioral changes during outbreaks. Stability analysis, Lyapunov functions, and a validated numerical method strengthen its mathematical foundation.

A Comprehensive Insight into Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Pathways, and Modulating Therapeutics.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions. This review provides an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis, highlighting both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.