67,688 results match your criteria: "Iowa State University; kanwang@iastate.edu.[Affiliation]"

This study evaluated influenza A virus (IAV) detection and genetic diversity over time, specifically at the human-swine interface in breeding and nursery farms. Active surveillance was performed monthly in five swine farms in the Midwest United States targeting the employees, the prewean piglets at sow farms, and the same cohort of piglets in downstream nurseries. In addition, information was collected at enrollment for each employee and farm to assess production management practices, IAV vaccination status, diagnostic procedures, and biosecurity.

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Since late 2021, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have caused a record number of mortalities in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals in North America. Wetlands are plausible environmental reservoirs of avian influenza virus; however, the transmission and persistence of the virus in the aquatic environment are poorly understood. To explore environmental contamination with the avian influenza virus, a large-volume concentration method for detecting infectious avian influenza virus in waterbodies was developed.

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Dynamics of PCV2 and PCV3 in the Serum and Oral Fluids of Pigs After PCV2 Vaccination in a Commercial Farm.

Vaccines (Basel)

November 2024

Department of Veterinary Diagnosis and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Objectives: This study investigated the dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and PCV3 on a commercial farm following PCV2 vaccination.

Methods: Serum samples from 35 pigs, starting at 3 weeks of age, were collected weekly until 21 weeks of age. Oral fluids from six pens of pigs of the same age were also analyzed.

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Background: Olaparib (OLA) and regorafenib (REG) are metabolized by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450. Both drugs are also substrates and inhibitors of the membrane transporters P-glycoprotein and BCRP. Therefore, the potential concomitant use of OLA and REG may result in clinically relevant drug-drug interactions.

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Background: Coffee and tea are widely consumed beverages, but their long-term effects on cognitive function and aging remain largely unexplored. Lifestyle interventions, particularly dietary habits, offer promising strategies for enhancing cognitive performance and preventing cognitive decline.

Methods: This study utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort ( = 12,025) to examine the associations between filtered coffee, green tea, and standard tea consumption and neural network functional connectivity across seven resting-state networks.

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Evaluating the Diagnostic Efficacy of Using Pooled Samples for Chronic Wasting Disease Testing and Surveillance.

Pathogens

December 2024

Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Disease monitoring informs the opportunities for intervention by natural resource agencies tasked with managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids. However, allocating funds toward testing can reduce those available for education, outreach, and disease reduction. Implementation of more efficient testing strategies can help meet both an expanding need by resource managers and a burgeoning demand from the hunting public in North America.

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Optimizing Swine Oral Fluid Sampling Procedures for Growing Pigs in Commercial Settings.

Pathogens

December 2024

Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Pen-based oral fluids are used extensively for surveillance and disease detection in swine, but there is sparse information on the sampling process itself. To address this shortcoming, we documented the pen-based oral fluid sampling process with the aim of optimizing the number of pigs in a pen that contributed to the sample. We quantified the effects of (1) previous experience with rope sampling (training), (2) the number of ropes suspended in the pen, and (3) sampling time on pig participation and pig-rope contact.

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Adipose tissue in vivo is physiologically exposed to compound mechanical loading due to bodyweight bearing, posture, and motion. The capability of adipocytes to sense and respond to mechanical loading milieus to influence metabolic functions may provide a new insight into obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we evidenced physiological mechanical loading control of adipocyte insulin signaling cascades.

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Vascular access: Femoral, radial and large-bore alternative access.

Prog Cardiovasc Dis

January 2025

Charles R Drew University School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, United States of America. Electronic address:

Vascular access for coronary, peripheral, and structural interventions has changed significantly over the past two decades. The evolving demand for both large-bore access for valvular interventions and mechanical support devices, and for safer access for coronary interventions, in patients with comorbidities have driven progress in these areas. This review will provide an overview of the techniques of arterial access in the femoral, forearm (radial and ulnar), and alternative (transcarotid, transaxillary, and transcaval) locations based on the latest evidence and experience.

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Intracellular Delivery of Proteins by Protein-Recognizing Nanoparticles.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

January 2025

Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States.

Intracellular delivery of proteins can directly impact dysregulated and dysfunctional proteins and is a key step in the fast growing field of protein therapeutics. The vast majority of protein-delivery systems enter cells through endocytic pathways, but endosomal escape is a difficult and inefficient process, demanding fundamentally different methods of delivery. We report ultrasmall cationic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles that bind protein targets with high specificity through their uniquely distributed surface lysine groups.

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Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) brain metastasis (BrM) remains a significant clinical problem. Mucins have been implicated in metastasis; however, if they are also involved in BCBrM remains unknown. We queried BrM patient databases and found Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) to be upregulated and therefore sought to define the role of MUC5AC in BCBrM.

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Introduction: Choroidal metastases from systemic malignancies are the most common intraocular malignancies in adults. External beam radiation (EBR) has historically been first-line therapy for metastatic tumors to the choroid. However, good responses have been described with newer targeted biologics.

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Introduction: Despite efforts to achieve health care equality, racial/ethnic disparities persist in lung cancer survival in the United States, with non-Hispanic Black patients experiencing higher mortality compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Previous research often focused on single treatments, overlooking the broad range of options available. We aimed to highlight disparities in survival and receipt of comprehensive lung cancer treatment by developing a guideline-concordant initial treatment (GCIT) indicator based on disease stage and recommended treatment.

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Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cancers of the genital system, anus/rectum, and oropharynx. Prior research showed that HPV-associated cancer incidence was rising faster in nonmetro than in metro populations. Our study identified which cancers contributed to the widening disparity.

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Fertilizing maize at an optimum nitrogen rate is imperative to maximize productivity and sustainability. Using a combination of long-term (n = 379) and short-term (n = 176) experiments, we show that the economic optimum nitrogen rate for US maize production has increased by 2.7 kg N ha yr from 1991 to 2021 (1.

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Introduction: Laryngeal muscle physiology is integral to many speech, voice, swallowing, and respiratory functions. A key determinant of a muscle's contractile properties, including its fatigue profile and capacity for force production, is the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform that predominates in the muscle. This study surveys literature on the MyHC compositions of mammalian intrinsic laryngeal skeletal muscle to illustrate trends and gaps in laryngeal muscle fiber typing techniques, models, and concepts.

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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been emerging as a concerning threat to both environment and public health. The continuous input of manure, irrigation water, and fertilizers increases the abundance of ARGs in agricultural environments. However, current risk assessments have focused on clinical settings, which are not applicable to environmental settings.

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This article updates the prior 2018 consensus statement by the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression, incorporating recent research and clinical developments. Publications on TMS and depression between September 2016 and April 2024 were identified using methods informed by PRISMA guidelines. The NNDC Neuromodulation Work Group met monthly between October 2022 and April 2024 to define important clinical topics and review pertinent literature.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pandemic influenza vaccine development emphasizes the importance of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antibodies for effective immune responses.
  • Clinical trials show that NA inhibition antibody responses increase with higher doses and extended intervals between vaccine doses, indicating a potential strategy for enhancing immunity.
  • The study indicates that while neuraminidase responses can be improved for better pandemic preparedness, the antibody responses to the HA stalk were minimal and not long-lasting.
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Applications for Laser in Veterinary Dermatology.

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract

January 2025

Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849-5517, USA.

Laser usage in veterinary dermatology has increased in popularity over the last several decades. Carbon dioxide (CO) laser is the leading modality in surgical laser for veterinary dermatology because of its unmatched performance with soft tissue, particularly the skin. This laser cuts and coagulates tissue via the photothermal effect of laser energy when interacting with soft tissues with high water content, such as skin.

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This study used Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to monitor small real-time changes in powder blends and tablets in low-dose pharmaceutical formulations. The research aims to enhance process analytical technology (PAT) in pharmaceutical manufacturing, ensuring high-quality and uniform products with applications to produce drugs with narrow therapeutic indices (NTI). The study utilizes Raman and NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) techniques to monitor a moderate cohesive material's active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) concentrations during manufacturing.

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