Cost-effectiveness of AI for pediatric diabetic eye exams from a health system perspective.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) for pediatric diabetic retinal disease (DRD) screening has demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and the potential to enhance health equity and clinician productivity. We examined the cost-effectiveness of an autonomous AI strategy versus a traditional eye care provider (ECP) strategy during the initial year of implementation from a health system perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was the main outcome measure.

TRAF3 regulates STAT6 activation and T-helper cell differentiation by modulating the phosphatase PTP1B.

The adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a multifaceted regulator of lymphocyte biology that plays key roles in modulation of the molecular signals required for T-cell activation and function. TRAF3 regulates signals mediated by the T-cell receptor (TCR), costimulatory molecules, and cytokine receptors, which each drive activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. The impact of TRAF3 upon TCR-CD28-mediated activation of Akt, and thus on the diverse cellular processes regulated by Akt, including CD4 T-cell fate decisions, remains poorly understood.

Effect of glycocalyx-targeted therapy on vascular function in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Advancing age increases cardiovascular disease risk, in part, because of impaired glycocalyx thickness and endothelial dysfunction. Glycocalyx-targeted therapies, such as Endocalyx Pro, could improve both glycocalyx thickness and endothelial function in older adults; however, this has yet to be tested. We hypothesized that Endocalyx Pro supplementation would increase glycocalyx thickness and endothelial function in older adults.

Implementing an Evidence-Based Functional Pain Assessment Scale in an Adult Inpatient Unit.

Background: The focus on pain assessment using a single, one-dimension pain assessment scale can be problematic. Locally, challenges we faced with this were; a) pain was percieved as not being effectively managed, b) patients with chronic pain were not having their pain adequately controlled, and c) misconceptions and subsequent confusion between health care teams and patients related to what pain intensity scores mean to each individual.

Aims: The purpose of this paper is to describe an evidence-based practice project aiming at improving pain assessment through the implementation of a Functional Pain Scale (FPS) on an adult inpatient cardiothoracic unit.

Large-scale circulating proteome association study (CPAS) meta-analysis identifies circulating proteins and pathways predicting incident hip fractures.

Hip fractures are associated with significant disability, high cost, and mortality. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to hip fractures remain incompletely understood. In an exploratory search of the underlying biology as reflected through the circulating proteome, we performed a comprehensive Circulating Proteome Association Study (CPAS) meta-analysis for incident hip fractures.

The human subthalamic nucleus transiently inhibits active attentional processes.

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia is key to the inhibitory control of movement. Consequently, it is a primary target for the neurosurgical treatment of movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, where modulating the STN via deep brain stimulation (DBS) can release excess inhibition of thalamocortical motor circuits. However, the STN is also anatomically connected to other thalamocortical circuits, including those underlying cognitive processes like attention.

Impact of Potential Case Misclassification by Administrative Diagnostic Codes on Outcome Assessment of Observational Study for People Who Inject Drugs.

Introduction: Initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within the hospital setting may improve outcomes for people who inject drugs (PWID) hospitalized because of an infection. Many studies used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify PWID, although these may be misclassified and thus, inaccurate. We hypothesized that bias from misclassification of PWID using ICD codes may impact analyses of MOUD outcomes.

Autonomous artificial intelligence increases screening and follow-up for diabetic retinopathy in youth: the ACCESS randomized control trial.

Diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with screening and early detection. We hypothesized that autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) diabetic eye exams at the point-of-care would increase diabetic eye exam completion rates in a racially and ethnically diverse youth population. AI for Children's diabetiC Eye ExamS (NCT05131451) is a parallel randomized controlled trial that randomized youth (ages 8-21 years) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to intervention (autonomous artificial intelligence diabetic eye exam at the point of care), or control (scripted eye care provider referral and education) in an academic pediatric diabetes center.

Resting-state EEG measures cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). We developed and evaluated an EEG-based biomarker to index cognitive functions in PD from a few minutes of resting-state EEG. We hypothesized that synchronous changes in EEG across the power spectrum can measure cognition.

Effect of acute heparin administration on glycocalyx thickness and endothelial function in healthy younger adults.

The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic, gel-like layer that is critical to normal vascular endothelial function. Heparin impairs the endothelial glycocalyx and reduces vascular endothelial function in a murine model; however, this has yet to be tested in healthy humans. We hypothesized that a single bolus dose of heparin would increase circulating glycocalyx components and decrease endothelial glycocalyx thickness resulting in blunted brachial artery vasodilation in healthy younger adults.

Antibiotic stewardship in Indian palliative care: a single-center retrospective study.

Objective: Characterize antibiotic prescribing behaviors at an Indian palliative care center after the initiation of the Antibiotic Order Form (AOF): an antibiotic stewardship program involving a paper form to track antibiotic use and to provide prescription guidelines.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Trivandrum Institute of Palliative Sciences (TIPS) is a palliative care organization in Kerala, India.

Keratinocyte FABP5-VCP complex mediates recruitment of neutrophils in psoriasis.

One of the hallmarks of intractable psoriasis is neutrophil infiltration in skin lesions. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a significant upregulation of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) in the skin of human psoriasis and psoriatic mouse models.

Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Function in Patients with CKD and Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patients with CKD and diabetes are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, in part, because of impaired endothelial function. Cardioprotective compounds such as resveratrol could improve endothelial function and attenuate the cardiovascular burden in patients with CKD and diabetes. We hypothesized that resveratrol supplementation would improve endothelial function in patients with CKD and diabetes.

Real-World Driving Data Indexes Dopaminergic Treatment Effects in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Driving is a complex, everyday task that impacts patient agency, safety, mobility, social connections, and quality of life. Digital tools can provide comprehensive real-world (RW) data on driver behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), providing critical data on disease status and treatment efficacy in the patient's own environment.

Objective: This pilot study examined the use of driving data as a RW digital biomarker of PD symptom severity and dopaminergic therapy effectiveness.

Vivid dreams are associated with a high percentage of REM sleep: a prospective study in veterans.

Study Objectives: Vivid dreams are dreams that feel real or are associated with dream enactment behavior. They are prevalent in veterans, especially in those with psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorders. Such psychiatric disorders have known association with abnormalities in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Hierarchical spatiotemporal modeling of human visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease that is globally distributed and has the potential to cause very serious illness. Prior literature highlights the emergence and spread of VL is influenced by multiple factors, such as socioeconomic status, sanitation levels or animal and human reservoirs. The study aimed to retrospectively investigate the presence and infectiousness of VL in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil between 2007 and 2020.

Evaluation of aerosols in a simulated orthodontic debanding procedure.

Dental practitioners may be at risk for exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 when performing aerosol generating procedures. Though recent evidence suggests that coronavirus may be transmitted through aerosol generating procedures, it is unknown whether common procedures performed in dental clinics generate aerosol. The aim of this study was to simultaneously quantify airborne concentrations of the bacteriophage MS2 near the oral cavity of a dental mannequin and behind personal protective equipment (i.

Consumption of fish oil high-fat diet induces murine hair loss via epidermal fatty acid binding protein in skin macrophages.

Fats are essential in healthy diets, but how dietary fats affect immune cell function and overall health is not well understood. Mimicking human high-fat diets (HFDs), which are rich in different fatty acid (FA) components, we fed mice various HFDs from different fat sources, including fish oil and cocoa butter. Mice consuming the fish oil HFD exhibit a hair-loss phenotype.

TRAF3 enhances type I interferon receptor signaling in T cells by modulating the phosphatase PTPN22.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are among the most powerful tools that host cells deploy against intracellular pathogens. Their effectiveness is due both to the rapid, directly antiviral effects of IFN-stimulated gene products and to the effects of type I IFN on responding immune cells. Type I IFN signaling through its receptor, IFNAR, is tightly regulated at multiple steps in the signaling cascade, including at the level of IFNAR downstream effectors, which include the kinase JAK1 and the transcriptional regulator STAT1.