Mechanical thrombectomy in elderly stroke patients with low ASPECTS: insights from STAR.

Background: The elderly population (≥80 years) were underrepresented in recent trials of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVO-AIS) with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (≤5).

Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospectively maintained database of 37 thrombectomy centers. The primary cohort of the study comprised patients with LVO-AIS aged ≥80 who underwent EVT with ASPECTS≤5 from 2013 to 2023.

The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.

Study Design: This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity).

Integrating and Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities in PharmD Curricula.

Objectives: The 2022 Curriculum Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) include an updated set of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for PharmD graduates. To assist pharmacy educators with the integration and assessment of EPAs, the objective of this work was to review and synthesize 1) approaches to integrate EPAs in health professions curricula 2) strategies for EPA-related assessments and entrustment in health professions curricula and 3) challenges and research needs for integrating EPAs in assessment frameworks in PharmD curricula FINDINGS: A literature review resulted in 114 articles identified as having relevance with 33 articles specific to pharmacy education. There are multiple components of an effective EPA integration and assessment plan, including administrative leadership, determination of programmatic EPAs with comprehensive descriptions, selection of an entrustment-supervision scale, identification of EPA-based assessments, EPA mapping, data management, and training and development.

Antinuclear antibodies and progression of quantitative interstitial lung changes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)-Lung Study.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often found in ILD; whether ANA is associated with radiographic progression of quantitive interstitial lung changes is unknown. We performed longitudinal analyses of adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis using linear mixed effects models with random intercept and slope to evaluate whether baseline ANA was associated with change in the amount of lung with high attenuation areas on CT (HAAs, percentage of imaged lung with -600 to -250 HU). In 6,638 subjects with 17,293 CT scans over 18 years, 741 (11 %) were ANA positive.

Standardizing postoperative pain control for decompression of pediatric Chiari type I malformation by limiting narcotic usage.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a postoperative multimodal pain control protocol on perioperative pain scores in children undergoing decompression for Chiari type I malformation (CM-I).

Methods: This retrospective matched cohort study included patients < 21 years of age who underwent elective suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy for CM-I with or without duraplasty at a single center from January 2020 to July 2023. A standardized, multimodal postoperative pain protocol was implemented in August 2021 that did not use narcotic patient-controlled analgesia.

The oxygen level in air directs airway epithelial cell differentiation by controlling mitochondrial citrate export.

Oxygen controls most metazoan metabolism, yet in mammals, tissue O levels vary widely. While extensive research has explored cellular responses to hypoxia, understanding how cells respond to physiologically high O levels remains uncertain. To address this problem, we investigated respiratory epithelia as their contact with air exposes them to some of the highest O levels in the body.

The measurement reliability and equivalence of print versus online versions of the Youth Activity Profile.

Purpose: The Youth Activity Profile (YAP) is a 7-day self-report designed to quantify physical activity and sedentary behaviors among youth. This study evaluated the reliability of the online version of the YAP and equivalence with the paper-based version.

Method: A total of 2,490 participants from 17 schools in Iowa and Texas completed the YAP.

Oxidative stress in critically ill neonatal foals.

Background: Oxidative injury occurs in septic people, but the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants has rarely been evaluated in foals.

Objectives/hypothesis: To measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative injury, and antioxidants in neonatal foals. We hypothesized that ill foals would have higher blood concentrations of ROS and biomarkers of oxidative injury and lower concentrations of antioxidants compared to healthy foals.

Stand density and local climate drive allocation of GPP to aboveground woody biomass.

The partitioning of photosynthate among various forest carbon pools is a key process regulating long-term carbon sequestration, with allocation to aboveground woody biomass carbon (AGBC) in particular playing an outsized role in the global carbon cycle due to its slow residence time. However, directly estimating the fraction of gross primary productivity (GPP) that goes to AGBC has historically been difficult and time-consuming, leaving us with persistent uncertainties. We used an extensive dataset of tree-ring chronologies co-located at flux towers to assess the coupling between AGBC and GPP, calculate the fraction of fixed carbon that is allocated to AGBC, and understand the drivers of variability in this fraction.

A Twist on Injection Molding: Injecting Conventional Resin Composites.

Purpose: This article presents a different approach to injectable techniques. This technique uses conventional viscosity materials to achieve maximum strength and esthetics.

Clinical Considerations: The use of high-viscosity material which has the strongest physical properties is desirable since failure of anterior resin composite has been described as fracture and recurrent decay.

Prophylactic Use of Cardiac Medications and Survival in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Introduction/aims: Prophylactic treatment of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) delays onset of LVD, but there is limited data showing impact on survival. Our aim was to describe survival among treated and untreated individuals with DMD.

Methods: Retrospective, population-based surveillance data from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking and Research Network (MD STARnet) were used.

Overcoming low status or maintaining high status? A multinational examination of the association between socioeconomic status and honour.

We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and endorsement of honour. We studied the SES-honour link in 5 studies (N = 13,635) with participants recruited in different world regions (the Mediterranean and MENA, East Asian, South-East Asian, and Anglo-Western regions) using measures that tap into various different facets of honour. Findings from these studies revealed that individuals who subjectively perceived themselves as belonging to a higher (vs.

Proximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology.

A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions.

The role of Iowa gambling task performance in response to citalopram treatment for cocaine use disorder.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is associated with executive functioning impairments linked to serotonergic function. Previous studies reported efficacy with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram in reducing cocaine use. The current study explored moderation and mediation of citalopram effects on cocaine use by performance across executive function domains.

Host-Induced Gene Silencing of the -Methyl Transferase Gene Enhanced Maize Aflatoxin Resistance.

Maize is one of the major crops that are susceptible to infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination, which poses a serious health threat to humans and domestic animals. Here, an RNA interference (RNAi) approach called Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) was employed to suppress the -methyl transferase gene (, also called ), a key gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. An RNAi vector carrying part of the gene was introduced into the B104 maize line.

Effect of Time and Temperature on the Detection of PRRSV RNA and Endogenous Internal Sample Control in Porcine Tongue Fluids.

Population-based sampling has improved pathogen monitoring in the US swine industry by increasing sensitivity while reducing costs. Postmortem tongue fluids (TF) have emerged as a practical option for monitoring porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in breeding herds, but limited data exist on optimal storage conditions. This study evaluated PRRSV RNA detection via RT-qPCR in TF samples under various storage times, temperatures, and viral loads.

Wear Resistance of Light-Cure Resin Luting Cements for Ceramic Veneers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear resistance of light-cure resin luting cements for veneers with that of other luting materials investigated in earlier studies. An Alabama wear-testing machine was used to measure the wear resistance of four recent light-cure resin luting cements for veneers (G-Cem Veneer; Panavia V5 LC; RelyX Veneer Cement; and Vario-link Esthetic LC). The volume loss ranged from 0.

Can Jurors Disregard Inadmissible Evidence? Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Test Interventions Derived from Cognitive and Social Psychological Theories.

Inadmissible evidence generally biases jurors toward guilty verdicts; jurors who hear inadmissible evidence are more likely to convict than jurors not exposed to inadmissible evidence-even when evidence is constant. When inadmissible evidence is introduced, the common legal remedy is judicial instructions to jurors to disregard it. Appeals courts repeatedly affirm instructions to disregard as a sufficient safeguard of defendants' constitutional rights, despite research finding that jurors do not disregard when instructed.

Cognitive Planning Improved After Cycling Exercise in Older Adults with Down Syndrome.

Background/objectives: Cognitive functions are a crucial part of daily living, especially for adults with Down syndrome (DS) who have a high likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease in adulthood. In addition, adults with DS move slower and are not meeting the standard aerobic activity guidelines each week. The aim of this study was to examine if Assisted Cycle Therapy (ACT) would improve cognitive planning as measured by the Tower of London (TOL), set switching as measured by the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and spatial memory as measured by the Corsi Block Test in adults with DS as compared to self-paced cycling.

Breathing Easy in Maricopa County, Arizona: Empowering K-12 Schools With a Novel Nurse Coaching Model to Facilitate Implementation of a County-Wide School-Based Stock Albuterol Inhaler Program.

To reduce chronic school absenteeism and morbidity and mortality among school-aged children, the prompt administration of albuterol sulfate in schools remains vital. School-based stock inhaler programs are a practical approach to ensure equitable access to life-saving rescue medication for students. School and community partnerships can potentially strengthen program implementation and fidelity by integrating evidence-based practices into routine care.

Advancing neural computation: experimental validation and optimization of dendritic learning in feedforward tree networks.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the capabilities of dendritic learning within feedforward tree networks (FFTN) in comparison to traditional synaptic plasticity models, particularly in the context of digit recognition tasks using the MNIST dataset.

Methods: We employed FFTNs with nonlinear dendritic segment amplification and Hebbian learning rules to enhance computational efficiency. The MNIST dataset, consisting of 70,000 images of handwritten digits, was used for training and testing.

Ethnic and racial differences in children and young people with respiratory and neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: an electronic health record-based cohort study from the RECOVER Initiative.

Background: Children from racial and ethnic minority groups are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether they have increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Our objectives were to assess whether the risk of respiratory and neurologic PASC differs by race/ethnicity and social drivers of health.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals <21 years seeking care at 24 health systems across the U.

Effect of telemental health adoption on mental health services utilization in federally qualified health centers.

Introduction: Mental health issues disproportionately affect rural and low-income populations, where access to prevention and treatment is limited. Implementing telemental health services (TMHS) in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) could improve accessibility to mental healthcare. This study assessed the effect of TMHS on mental health services utilization in FQHCs, comparing centers with and without TMHS and examined differences in TMHS effect between FQHCs that adopted TMHS before and during the pandemic.