Global Neurosurgical Challenges: A Focus on Central Asia.

Objective: To evaluate the current state of neurosurgical care in Central Asia, identify the challenges and advancements, and propose recommendations to improve neurosurgical capabilities and access in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the neurosurgical infrastructure, availability of neurosurgeons, technological advancements, and healthcare policies in the five Central Asian countries. Analysis included published literature, healthcare reports, and expert opinions to assess the state of neurosurgical care and identify areas for improvement.

Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment in Patients With Cervical Cancer.

Background: In lower- to middle-income countries such as India, the literature on the adverse effects (AEs) of cancer treatment in patients with cervical cancer is very limited. This knowledge gap provides an opportunity to investigate and improve the quality of life for women with cervical cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the AEs of various cancer treatment combinations in patients with cervical cancer.

Placebo and nocebo in the treatment of migraine: How much does real world effectiveness depend on contextual effects?

Purpose: Treatments in medicine impact individuals beyond their intended effects, due to phenomena such as the placebo and nocebo effects. The placebo effect arises from the positive expectation of a treatment being beneficial, while the nocebo effect stems from the negative expectation of a treatment causing harm. Both in real-world practice and clinical trials, treatments can lead to outcomes unrelated to their intended mechanism of action, which we categorize as placebo and nocebo responses.

Chronic Pancreatitis-Induced Thrombosis of Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Artery.

Every year, nearly 60,000 hospitalizations occur in the United States due to chronic pancreatitis (CP). CP can cause severe chronic abdominal pain, pancreatic insufficiency, and increased risk of pancreatic cancer. While venous thrombotic complications are common, arterial thrombotic events are rarely reported in CP.

Probiotics and Fecal Transplant: An Intervention in Delaying Chronic Kidney Disease Progression?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge affecting nearly 700 million people worldwide. In the United States alone, the Medicare costs for CKD management has reached nearly USD 80 billion per year. While reversing CKD may be possible in the future, current strategies aim to slow its progression.

Joint Methodology Based on Optical Densitometry and Dynamic Light Scattering for Liver Function Assessment.

A pressing health problem, both in clinical and socio-economic terms, is the increase in the number of patients with liver damage caused by viral diseases (hepatitis), cancer, toxicological damage, or metabolic disorders. Liver function assessment is a complex task, for which various existing diagnostic methods are used. Unfortunately, they all have several limitations which frequently make prompt and accurate diagnosis impossible.

Extraction and Optimization of Active Metabolites From Cluster Bean: An In Vitro Biological and Phytochemical Investigation.

The current study aimed to explore active metabolites of locally recognized and high yielding cultivar cluster bean (BR-99) with a wide range of adaptability having antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potential. Six solvents were used (crude methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) with escalating polarity for colorimetric determination of antioxidants such as total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Moreover, an antidiabetic and anticancer study was conducted by α-amylase inhibition and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay.

COVID-19 vaccinations: The unknowns, challenges, and hopes.

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID-19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID-19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long-term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology-based accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast tuberculosis mimicking an abscess.

A case of breast tuberculosis was initially misdiagnosed as a breast abscess and diagnosed definitively by minimally invasive fine-needle aspiration cytology. This definitive diagnosis enabled us to prevent widespread infection by early initiation of the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen. The patient recovered, and no disease recurrence was noted during follow-ups.

Use of B-complex vitamins and olfactory training for treating COVID-19-related anosmia.

A 42-year-old male patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. His symptoms improved 2 weeks after lopinavir therapy (800 mg/day). However, he was subsequently diagnosed with complete anosmia.

CT patterns and differential criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia.

Difficulties encountered in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 pneumonia and acute eosinophilic pneumonia during the pandemic from 2019 to 2021 led to the identification and study of the differential features of the two conditions.

Mirror writing in a patient with frontal lobe epilepsy.

During the postictal period, the left cerebral hemisphere was affected by the seizures, and consecutive epileptiform discharges and disinhibition of the right cerebral hemisphere could have occurred, which may explain the observed behavior.

A rare case of patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 in a genotype-phenotype correlation revealing a submicroscopic deletion on the long arm of chromosome 17.

This paper details a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a genotype-phenotype correlation, and the complexity of pathogenic variants of NF1 gene make correlation difficult. Establishing correlation is useful for targeted therapeutic intervention.

Design of Liver Functional Reserve Estimation Technique Based on Optical Densitometry.

This work is aimed at creating a modified invasive technique for assessing the liver's functional reserves. A study of the degree of hepatodepression is carried out by measuring the plasma elimination of indocyanine green using the method of optical densitometry. This paper presents test results for an aqueous solution and an albumin solution, as well as the results of measurements of plasma elimination of indocyanine green for patients with liver disease.

Data on the role of leadership in developing expertise in teaching in developing country.

This article has researched role of leaders in developing expertise in teaching and their influence on teachers in secondary school in Kazakhstan. Also, how principles can affect to educators developing to meet needs and challenges of today's trends of teaching and learning. The following research report has been precisely written to evaluate the exact role of leadership practices in the development of expertise in teaching and in what manner the expert teachers or the principals help to develop expertise across various departments of the schools.