Estimating the total incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years from 1990 to 2050: a global simulation-based analysis.

Background: Previous studies of type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence have found large variations in reported incidence around the world. However, it is unclear whether these reported incidence levels are impacted by differences in country health systems and possible underdiagnosis and if so, to what degree. The aim of this study was to estimate both the total and diagnosed incidence of type 1 diabetes globally and to project childhood type 1 diabetes incidence indicators from 1990 to 2050 for each country.

Oral rehabilitation of maxillofacial trauma using fixed corticobasal implant-supported prostheses: A case series.

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma is associated with severe loss of soft and hard tissues that lead to aesthetic and functional disfigurements, adverse psychological impacts on the patient's general and oral health, and decreased quality of life. Therefore, treatment of maxillofacial trauma is challenging.

Presentation Of Case: We present three patients with maxillofacial trauma owing to road traffic accidents that were rehabilitated by immediate use of loaded fixed corticobasal implant-supported prostheses with follow-up periods of 6, 5, and 7 years.

Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control: perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension.

Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific.

Synthesis of pH-responsive dimethylglycine surface-modified branched lipids for targeted delivery of antibiotics.

The rampant antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for efficient and targeted drug delivery of antibiotics at the infectious site. Hence, this study aimed to synthesize a pH-responsive dimethylglycine surface-modified branched lipid (DMGSAD-lipid). The structure of the synthesized lipid was fully confirmed.

Wide resection and reconstruction in a low resource area, cemented nail technique knee arthrodesis; a report of case and surgical technique.

Introduction And Importance: Osteosarcomas are primary malignant bone tumors that are driven from bone-forming mesenchymal cells and account for nearly 20 % of primary bone tumors.

Case Presentation: A 16-year-old female presented with chief complaint of pain and swelling on her right knee for 6 months with history of trauma. Her knee mobility and ROM was limited due to pain and the mass.

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a yeast infection of the vulva, which is caused by Candida species and affects women worldwide. Pregnant women are more vulnerable to VVC due to certain risks. Moreover, their offspring are also exposed to the risk of preterm birth.

Clinical presentation and molecular genetic analysis of a Sudanese family with a novel mutation in the CYP2R1 gene.

The aim of this study was to identify the genetic basis of two female siblings - born to consanguineous Sudanese parents - diagnosed clinically as having the rare condition of 25-hydroxylase deficiency (vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1B). The initial diagnosis was established based on clinical data, laboratory and radiological findings retrospectively. Primers for all exons (5) of human CYP2R1 (NM_024514) were generated followed by Sanger sequencing on exons 1-5 for both girls and their parents.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists in Relation to Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP) is a widespread practice, especially in developing countries, contributing to antibiotic resistance. Community pharmacists play a significant role in promoting rational use of antibiotics by refraining from DAwP, and providing drug information to patients. This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice, and to assess the factors behind DAwP.

In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Some Secondary Metabolites Extract from Ocimum basilicum and Salvia officinalis Against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis of Phoenix dactylifera. L.

Fusarium of date palm is a vascular fusariosis caused by a telluric fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (F.

Glucose level detection using millimetre-wave metamaterial-inspired resonator.

Millimetre-wave frequencies are promising for sensitive detection of glucose levels in the blood, where the temperature effect is insignificant. All these features provide the feasibility of continuous, portable, and accurate monitoring of glucose levels. This paper presents a metamaterial-inspired resonator comprising five split-rings to detect glucose levels at 24.

Osteosarcoma of the distal fibula and reconstruction of the ankle using inverted fibula, a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Osteosarcomas are malignant primary bone tumors of mesenchymal origin producing osteoid material and has peak incidence in adolescents. Distal lower limb tumors are rare and can negatively affect ankle joint stability.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female who has newly graduated from college presented with distal fibular mass measuring around 5 × 15 cm located on the lateral aspect of the right ankle over a period of 2 months.

Clinical Characteristics of Urinary Bladder Cancer in the Sudan; Evidence of Pathoetiology Changes.

Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is highly heterogeneous with regard to clinical course, etiology, histology, and geographic distribution. Recent clinical observations suggest changes in the pattern of BC in the Sudan perhaps due to lifestyle change following the massive displacement from rural to urban areas. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical profile of the BC among Sudanese patients and compare it with what has been previous reported.

How to Improve Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Africa, and How to Reduce Its Consequences: A Call to Action From the World Hypertension League.

Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and disability globally. In low- and middle-income countries hypertension has a major social impact, increasing the disease burden and costs for national health systems. The present call to action aims to stimulate all African countries to adopt several solutions to achieve better hypertension management.

Orthognathic correction and corticobasal implant-supported prostheses as a treatment modality for partial edentulism with mandibular prognathism: A case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Mandibular prognathism manifests as elongation of the mandible in the anteroposterior direction, resulting in a sunken appearance of the middle third of the face and sad look of the eyes. It adversely affects esthetics, function, and oral health, reducing the patients' self-esteem. It therefore presents a significant challenge.

Prevalence of Hypertension in Sudanese Patients With Gouty Arthritis.

Background In this study, we aimed to study the frequency of hypertension in Sudanese patients with gouty arthritis attending the largest three tertiary hospitals in Khartoum and correlate it with serum uric acid levels. Methodology An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in rheumatology clinics in Khartoum state, Sudan, from August 2020 to January 2021 involving 100 participants. Data were collected, prepared, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Face Mask Practice and Technique During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nonrepresentative Cross-Sectional Study in Sudan.

Background: The World Health Organization issued guidelines for face mask use in community settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, data are limited on public compliance with those guidelines in Sudan. Therefore, this study assessed face mask-wearing practice and technique during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Sudan.

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A potential gate to the determinants of a poor prognosis.

Background: Several investigations were carried out during the pandemic, demonstrating a number of neurological symptoms linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Objectives: The goal of this review is to discuss COVID-19 disease's neurological signs and squeals.

Methodology: From December 2019 to May 2020, data were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, as well as a manual search using Google Scholar.

Public Health Surveillance for Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Africa.

Local, national, and international health agencies have advocated multi-pronged public health strategies to limit infections and prevent deaths. The availability of safe and effective vaccines is critical in the control of a pandemic. Several adverse events have been reported globally following reception of different vaccines, with limited or no data from Africa.

Knowledge, Consumption Pattern, and Adverse Effects of Energy Drinks among Asian Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Malaysia.

Background: The frequent expansion of the energy drinks (EDs) market has caused an extensive increase in the consumption of EDs, especially among younger populations. However, the lack of knowledge on EDs and their perceived beneficial effects could lead to excessive EDs consumption, which is strongly associated with serious side effects. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceived beneficial effects of EDs consumers and determine the consumption patterns and side effects experienced by different EDs consumers among the Malaysian population.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and associated factors among medical students in Sudan.

Background: The COVID-19 vaccination in Sudan launched in March 2021 but the extent of its acceptance has not been formally studied. This study aimed to determine the acceptance and hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among medical students in Sudan.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire designed on Google Form and sent to randomly-selected medical students via their Telegram accounts from 30th June to 11th July 2021.

Breastfeeding associated hypernatraemia: clinical presentations, complications and outcome in a subset of Sudanese neonates.

A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted with the objectives to study clinical presentations, complications and outcomes of breastfeeding-associated hypernatraemia (BFAHN) in full-term neonates admitted to Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period September 2017-2019. Eighty-four neonates with BFAHN were enrolled in the study. Collected demographic data of the neonates and their mothers included age at presentation, gender, birth weight, current weight, mode and place of delivery, maternal age, parity, education level, time of starting breastfeeding, presenting symptoms and signs, complications and outcome.

Will Africans take COVID-19 vaccination?

The economic and humanistic impact of COVID-19 pandemic is enormous globally. No definitive treatment exists, hence accelerated development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines, offers a unique opportunity for COVID-19 prevention and control. Vaccine hesitancy may limit the success of vaccine distribution in Africa, therefore we assessed the potentials for coronavirus vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among Africans.

Hypertension Pharmacological Treatment in Adults: A World Health Organization Guideline Executive Summary.

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and deaths worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapies, <14% of adults with hypertension have BP controlled to a systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg. We report new hypertension treatment guidelines, developed in accordance with the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Groundwater Around Al-Buraihi Sewage Station in Taiz City, Yemen.

Background: In recent years, mitigation of groundwater contamination resulting from the limited availability of freshwater for domestic use has become an important issue. The presence of heavy metals in water could have adverse effects on both plant and animal life.

Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to determine possible heavy metal contamination in groundwater around Al-Buraihi sewage station in Taiz, Yemen and to understand possible sources of contamination and their relationships with groundwater.

Detection of antifungal drug-resistant and gene mutations among clinical isolates of species isolated from Khartoum, Sudan.

   species are one of the most important opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause both superficial and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Considering the sharp increase in the rate of   infections, and resistance to commonly used antifungal agents in the last decades; this study was conducted to determine the rate of resistance among clinical isolates of   species, and to characterize some of the resistant genes among resistant isolates collected in Khartoum.   This is a cross-sectional laboratory-based study included 100 pre-screened   species isolates from Khartoum state hospitals.