Employment Status and HIV Viral Load in Chilean Adult Population: A Propensity Score Analysis.

We set out to investigate the potential impact of unemployment on HIV viral load in individuals living with HIV at the biggest HIV-related healthcare centre in Chile. We analysed a cross-sectional dataset of 803 adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The main exposure was employment status.

Prevention of Stroke in Intracerebral Haemorrhage Survivors with Atrial Fibrillation: Rationale and Design for PRESTIGE-AF Trial.

Adequate secondary prevention in survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who also have atrial fibrillation (AF) is a long-standing clinical dilemma because these patients are at increased risk of recurrent ICH as well as of ischemic stroke. The efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulation, the standard preventive medication for ischemic stroke patients with AF, in ICH patients with AF are uncertain. PRESTIGE-AF is an international, phase 3b, multi-center, randomized, open, blinded end-point assessment (PROBE) clinical trial that compared the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with no DOAC (either no antithrombotic treatment or any antiplatelet drug).

Dietary changes following a lifestyle-based intervention for dementia risk reduction - results from the AgeWell.de study.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention conducted in older adults at increased risk for dementia on participants' diet.

Methods: Secondary analyses of the cluster-randomized AgeWell.de-trial, testing a multidomain intervention (optimization of nutrition and medication, enhancement of physical, social and cognitive activity) in older adults at increased dementia risk.

The "specific" P-glycoprotein inhibitor zosuquidar (LY335979) also weakly inhibits human organic cation transporters.

Zosuquidar (LY335979) is a widely used experimental P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, which is commended as very potent but also as very specific for P-gp. In this in vitro and in silico study, we demonstrated for the first time that zosuquidar also inhibits organic cation transporters (OCT) 1-3, albeit less potently than P-gp. This still has to be kept in mind when zosuquidar is used to inhibit cellular efflux of P-gp substrates that are concurrently transported into the cells by OCTs.

Expectations and opinions regarding the implementation of a computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system - a before-and-after survey.

Despite the documented beneficial effects of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems and despite numerous incentives for their adoption in various countries around the globe implementation teams encounter unexpected difficulties when launching CPOE systems. This survey aimed at gathering users' opinions on CPOE implementation. Additional factors that can be influenced by CPOE implementation were equally considered, namely workplace satisfaction, interprofessional collaboration, patient safety climate, system usability, and organisational readiness to implement change.

Phenotypes of Patients with Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Underdosing in Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ARENA Registry.

Background And Objectives: Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation is crucial to prevent thrombus formation in the heart, a major cause of ischemic stroke. The appropriate dose of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) - either standard or reduced dose - must be chosen individually in accordance with defined patient characteristics. However, a significant proportion of patients receive inappropriately low DOAC doses (underdosing).

A Highly Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of the Organic Cation Transporters' Mediated Metformin Uptake and Its Inhibition in Cells.

Metformin is the gold standard substrate for evaluating potential inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs). Here, we established a UPLC-MS/MS assay to quantify metformin in cell pellets with a range of 0.05-50 ng/mL using 6-deuterated metformin as an internal standard.

Polypharmacy in Older Patients with Multimorbidity: The Agreement Between Patient and General Practitioner-Reported Drugs Observed in a Pilot cRCT.

Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) increases the risk of discrepancies between patient- and general practitioner (GP)-reported drugs, leading to adverse outcomes. This explorative analysis assesses the agreement between patient- and GP-reported drugs under the influence of a paper-based patient portfolio in a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT). Complete data were available for 68 patients aged 65 or older (26 were female), with multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and at least one hospitalization in the past year.

Continuity of medication information transfer and continuous medication supply during hospital-to-home transitions - nationwide surveys in hospital and community pharmacies after implementing new legal requirements in Germany.

Background: While successful information transfer and seamless medication supply are fundamental to medication safety during hospital-to-home transitions, disruptions are frequently reported. In Germany, new legal requirements came into force in 2017, strengthening medication lists and discharge summaries as preferred means of information transfer. In addition to previous regulations - such as dispensing medication at discharge by hospital pharmacies - hospital physicians were now allowed to issue discharge prescriptions to be supplied by community pharmacies.

Identifying Predictors of Heart Failure Readmission in Patients From a Statutory Health Insurance Database: Retrospective Machine Learning Study.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) are the most commonly readmitted group of adult patients in Germany. Most patients with HF are readmitted for noncardiovascular reasons. Understanding the relevance of HF management outside the hospital setting is critical to understanding HF and factors that lead to readmission.

Exploring the heterogeneity in community pharmacist-led medication review studies - A systematic review.

Background: Findings on the effectiveness of medication reviews led by community pharmacists (CPs) are often inconclusive. It has been hypothesized that studies are not sufficiently standardized, and thus, it is difficult to draw conclusions.

Objective(s): To examine differences in the way CP-led medication review studies are set up.

Approaches to medication history taking in different hospital settings: A scoping review.

Purpose: A comprehensive medication history can contribute to safe therapy. Many approaches aiming to improve medication history taking require significant human resources. To design an efficient process that delivers high-quality medication histories, the individual requirements and resources of a given setting need to be considered.