Septum of the penis - dissection, anatomical description and functional relevance.

Background: The septum of the penis or the pectiniform septum (from Latina pecten) is a connective structure that separates the two corpora cavernosa of the penis. It is formed through the joining of the circular fibers of the tunica albuginea, which envelops the corpora cavernosa. The septum neither completely separates, nor entirely joins the two corpora cavernosa.

A Simple HPLC-DAD Method for the Therapeutic Monitoring of Clozapine and Related Metabolites in Human Plasma and Urine Samples.

Clozapine and its metabolites require close therapeutic monitoring (TDM) in patients due to poor correlation between the administrated doses and resulting plasma concentrations, the narrow therapeutic interval, high inter-individual variability, and the risk of serious side effects once toxic levels are exceeded. The aim of the study was to develop a simple (relatively cheap) LC-UV method for the quantification of clozapine and its metabolites in plasma and urine samples. For sample preparation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in -octanol was more efficient and less limiting in injection volumes compared to the in-situ formation of SUPRAS.

Osteoporosis and Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (Conservatively or Surgically Managed).

Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) involves 80-90% of the parathyroid tumor-associated cases of PHPT in the modern medical era, while normocalcemic PHPT (NPHPT) has a prevalence of 0.1-11%. We aimed to analyze the bone status and mineral metabolism in NPHPT amid conservative or surgical management.

Cutting-Edge Technology Without Cutting: Treating Skin Cancer in This Era-A Case Series.

Background: Traditional treatment methods for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) include surgical excision with histological evaluation, yet advancements such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and superficial radiation therapy (SRT) offer non-invasive management alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the use of RCM for the evaluation of treatment outcomes after SRT in managing localized NMSC.

Methods: A prospective interventional case series study was conducted on patients treated for NMSC with SRT between March 2020 and December 2023.

Association With Outcomes of Correcting the Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method to Quantitate Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: Although the correction of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method has been shown to improve the accuracy of assessing the severity of secondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR), its clinical impact remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the association of the quantitative parameters of STR severity obtained from the corrected and conventional PISA methods with outcomes.

Methods: Both conventional and corrected effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) (EROA vs corrected EROA [EROAc]), regurgitant volume (RegVol) (RegVol vs corrected RegVol [RegVolc]), and regurgitant fraction (RegFr) (RegFr vs corrected RegFr [RegFrc]) were measured in 519 consecutive patients (mean age, 75 ± 12 years; 44% men; 74% with ventricular STR) with moderate and severe STR.

The Occipital Recess of the Sphenoidal Sinus-A Novel Anatomical Possibility.

There are reported here multiple rare anatomical variants of the sphenoidal sinus found in a 53-year-old male. The sinus exhibited uncommon features, including a prominent occipital recess extending bilaterally into the basilar part of the occipital bone. A narrow posterior isthmus connected the main chamber to 2 recesses: a superior postsellar recess pneumatising the dorsum sellae, and a postero-inferior occipital recess.

An IoT-based cognitive impairment detection device: A newly proposed method in older adults care-choice reaction time-device development and data-driven validation.

Background: Research shows that older adults' performance on choice reaction time (CRT) tests can predict cognitive decline. A simple CRT tool could help detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical dementia, allowing for further stratification of cognitive disorders on-site or via telemedicine.

Objective: The primary objective was to develop a CRT testing device and protocol to differentiate between two cognitive impairment categories: (a) subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (na-MCI), and (b) amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and multiple-domain a-MCI (a-MCI-MD).

The spectrum of esophagitis in patients living with HIV - a scoping review.

Esophageal lesions are common findings in disorders of the digestive tract in patients living with HIV, the most typical symptoms being odynophagia and/or dysphagia. This article provides a narrative review of the spectrum of esophagitis in patients living with HIV, focusing on fungal, viral, bacterial and non-infectious etiologies, as well as co-infections with viral hepatitis viruses. The article provides a comprehensive approach to the strategy of diagnosis and the role of upper digestive endoscopy and histopathological examination in the evaluation of esophageal pathology in patients living with HIV.

Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Predictive Factors for Hematologic Toxicities During Concurrent Chemoradiation for Cervical Cancer.

The most recent research conducted for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics indicates that, depending on the stage of cervical cancer (CC), several therapies can provide similar overall survival and progression-free survival rates. To determine the hematologic toxicities during concurrent chemotherapy for cervical cancer, we evaluated these two therapies (cisplatin or carboplatin). Hematologic markers have been studied using statistical models and descriptive statistics.

Mucosal Healing of Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (Watermelon Stomach) After Treatment With Azathioprine.

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), commonly known as "watermelon stomach," is characterized by parallel red stripes resembling watermelon stripes on endoscopic examination and is an uncommon but significant cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, often associated with systemic diseases such as autoimmune conditions, liver cirrhosis, chronic renal insufficiency, and cardiovascular disease. Various therapeutic approaches have been introduced for GAVE treatment, including medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions.  We report a case of a 60-year-old man with a prior history of GAVE who developed melena and symptomatic severe anemia.

Is There a Correlation Between Platelet Count, Mesenteric Lymph Node Involvement, and Hematogenous Metastases in Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer?

Background/aim: Ovarian cancer remains a major cause of death in women worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis and the lack of a reliable screening test for early detection of the disease. In this context, attention has been focused on the identification of other prognostic factors that might allow a better identification of cases with worse long-term outcome.

Patients And Methods: Data of patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery between 2014-2019 were retrospectively reviewed and 57 patients were considered eligible for this study.

Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: A Rare Cause of Quadriparesis in a Young and Seemingly Healthy Patient.

Hypokalemia is a common laboratory finding in hospitalized patients, typically resulting from insufficient potassium intake, renal or gastrointestinal losses, or intracellular shifts. While the underlying cause is often easily identifiable, certain cases present diagnostic challenges, and if left unrecognized, the consequences can be life-threatening. We report a rare and atypical case of severe symptomatic hypokalemia as the initial presentation of newly diagnosed Graves' disease.

A Study in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): Real-Life Data Amid Baseline and Serial CT Scans.

Unlabelled: Non-functioning (NF) accidentally detected PitNETs (PIs) are common findings of CT/MRI scans currently. Data concerning their behavior vary, and some PIs will potentially experience a size change over time that might become clinically relevant.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate CT-related PIs diameters following 3 aspects: a cross-sectional analysis based on the age' groups at first PI diagnosis and on the gender distribution and a longitudinal analysis in PIs with <0.

Comprehensive Analysis of Receptor Status, Histopathological Classifications (B1-B5), and Cumulative Histological Dimensions in Breast Cancer: Predictors of Malignancy and Diagnostic Implications.

Introduction: Breast cancer has become one of the most serious and widespread public health concerns globally, affecting an increasing number of women-and, in rare cases, men-across the world. It is the most common cancer among women across all countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of demographic factors, medical and reproductive history, diagnostic techniques, and hormone receptor status on the development and progression of breast cancer.

Redox Homeostasis and Molecular Biomarkers in Precision Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases.

Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was carefully explored, delving into the cellular redox status and its critical involvement in the pathophysiological complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review outlines the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and the function of antioxidants in maintaining redox balance.

A Real-World Longitudinal Study in Non-Functioning Pituitary Incidentalomas: A PRECES Micro-Adenomas Sub-Analysis.

Incidentalomas have an increasing incidence all over the world due to a larger access to imaging assessments, and endocrine incidentalomas make no exception in this matter, including pituitary incidentalomas (PIs). Our objective was to analyse the dynamic changes amid a second computed tomography (CT) scan after adult patients were initially confirmed with a PI (non-functioning micro-adenoma). This was a multi-centric, longitudinal, retrospective study in adults (aged between 20 and 70 y) amid real-world data collection.

Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of Total Mortality in the European Union with Focus on Fat Intake, Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, Life Expectancy, and Preventable Mortality: A Panel Data Fixed-Effects Panel Data Model Approach.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the European Union (EU), and while the mortality rates of diabetes, myocardial infarction, and the total fat intake have been extensively studied, we believe that understanding the interaction between such closely correlated determinants is crucial to the development of effective health policies in the EU. Our paper's novelty is represented by the econometric modelling, and its ability to capture both temporal and unit variations. The research methodology consists of using a panel data model with fixed effects for the 27 EU member states over the period 2010-2021.