Sarcopenia in the Oldest-Old Adults in the Capital of Brazil: Prevalence and Its Associated Risk Factors.

Background: In light of the demographic context in which the older adult population is prominent, sarcopenia emerges as a significant concern for the health of these individuals.

Aim: To assess the frequency of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia and the associated risk factors in the oldest adults living in the community.

Methods: There were 399 participants aged 80 or older, of both sexes, using primary health care services in the metropolitan area of Brasília, Brazil.

Polypharmacy Is Associated with Frailty, Nutritional Risk and Chronic Disease in Chilean Older Adults: Remarks from PIEI-ES Study.

Aim: To analyze the relationship between polypharmacy and variables as frailty and other chronic comorbidities in Chilean older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One thousand two hundred and five older adults aged 65 and older.

Discovery and Structure Relationships of Salicylanilide Derivatives as Potent, Non-acidic P2X1 Receptor Antagonists.

Antagonists for the ATP-gated ion channel receptor P2X1 have potential as antithrombotics and for treating hyperactive bladder and inflammation. In this study, salicylanilide derivatives were synthesized based on a screening hit. P2X1 antagonistic potency was assessed in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably transfected with the human P2X1 receptor by measuring inhibition of the ATP-induced calcium influx.

Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging.

Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet.

Antiplatelet Activity of Natural Bioactive Extracts from Mango ( L.) and its By-Products.

The potential antiplatelet aggregation effects of mango pulp and its by-products (peel, husk seed, and seed) due to the presence of bioactive compounds were explored. Among them, mango seed exhibited a 72% percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) agonist with a demonstrated dose-dependent effect. This biological feature could be caused by the chemical differences in phenolic composition.

Oxidative pathways of arachidonic acid as targets for regulation of platelet activation.

Platelet activation plays an important role in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease states. Multiple pathways contribute to platelet activation including those dependent upon arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from the platelet membrane by phospholipase A2 action and is then metabolized in the cytosol by specific arachidonic acid oxidation enzymes including prostaglandin H synthase, 12-lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids.

Antiplatelet protocol: Effects of ingesting a tomato pomace extract on human platelet aggregation.

Consumption of tomato and tomato-based products is associated with risk reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Protective effect of tomato is not clearly understood, but there is an interest in its ability to affect platelet aggregation (coagulation). Therefore, the aim of the present study is to describe the protocol of a single blind, parallel design (3-groups), placebo controlled trial, which will assess acute and "acute upon 5-day repeated dose" effects of ingesting a tomato pomace extract on platelet aggregation.

Role of Platelet Activation and Oxidative Stress in the Evolution of Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, evolves from the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques to coronary thrombosis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. A body of evidence supports a close relationship between the alterations following an ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress and platelet activity. Through their critical role in thrombogenesis and inflammatory responses, platelets are fully (totally) implicated from atherothrombotic plaque formation to myocardial infarction onset and expansion.

3-Hydroxykynurenine bound to eye lens proteins induces oxidative modifications in crystalline proteins through a type I photosensitizing mechanism.

Photosensitized reactions mediated by endogenous chromophores have been associated with the etiology of age-related cataract disease. Endogenous chromophores such as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKN) can be found in both free form, and bound to crystallin proteins. However, their efficiency in generating photo-induced oxidative modifications on eye lens proteins is not completely understood.

Chemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Potential of Bioactive Extract from Tomato Pomace (Byproduct of Tomato Paste).

We examined the ability of tomato pomace extract (by-product) to affect platelet aggregation in healthy humans (clinical pilot study). In phase 1 the tolerance of participants ( = 15; 5 per dose level) ingesting tomato pomace extract across three dose levels (1, 2.5, and 10 g) was evaluated.

The physician's role in patients' nursing home care: "She's a very courageous and lovely woman. I enjoy caring for her".

More than 1.5 million adults live in US nursing homes, and approximately 30% of individuals in the United States will die with a nursing home as their last place of residence. Physicians play a pivotal role in the rehabilitation, complex medical care, and end-of-life care of this frail and vulnerable population.